The effect of a unique propolis compound (Propoelix™) on clinical outcomes in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever

Figures & data

Table 1 Initial demographics, clinical characteristics, and laboratory evaluations in patients given placebo or Propoelix™

	Placebo n=32		Propoelix 200 mg n=31		P-value
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Age (y)	28.28	10.10	29.04	9.01	0.575
Sex
Male	20		21		0.845
Female	12		10
Body weight (kg)a	62.84	11.47	62.5	11.04	0.916
Height (cm)	165.72	9.92	165.21	7.01	0.798
Body mass index	22.50	3.49	22.67	2.86	0.958
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)a	114.4	8.21	113.96	10.73	0.872
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)a	76.01	8.16	76.67	7.61	0.769
Heart rate (/minute)	88.16	10.23	84.29	8.73	0.086
Respiration rate (/minute)	19.68	1.11	20.46	4.31	0.399
Body temperature (°C)	37.62	0.86	37.44	1.01	0.499
Duration of fever before admission (days)	3.21	0.78	3.04	1.04	0.505
Total bilirubin (mg/L)	0.69	0.31	0.58	0.19	0.334
SGPT (U/L)	68.75	70.88	45.9	29.94	0.322
SGOT (U/L)a	79.54	72.26	55.45	28.4	0.517
Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L)	84.94	76.62	67.87	17.97	0.763
Albumin (g/dL)	3.99	0.43	3.96	0.39	0.790
Blood glucose (mg/mL)	102.89	22.43	103.33	30.02	0.893
Urea (mg/dL)	24.5	11.15	21.09	6.40	0.390
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.07	0.23	0.85	0.24	0.075
Sodium (mEq/L)	138.36	4.08	139.09	3.08	0.618
Potassium (mEq/L)	3.81	0.55	3.52	0.42	0.053
Chloride (mEq/L)	100.4	2.93	100.71	2.98	0.721

Notes: Independent t-test;

a Mann–Whitney Test.

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; SGPT, serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (also known as ALT [alanine transaminase]); SGOT, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (also known as AST [aspartate transaminase]).

Table 2 Comparison of renal and liver function tests between patients given placebo or Propoelix™ on day 7 after admission

	Placebo		Propoelix 200 mg		P-value
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Total bilirubin (mg/L)	0.79	0.26	0.65	0.31	0.302
SGPT (U/L)	69.07	44.15	93.33	45.72	0.218
SGOT (U/L)a	72.4	50.8	79.8	32.71	0.369
Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L)	74.1	42.27	70.25	27.57	0.827
Blood sugar (mg/dL)	96.9	49.05	90.5	13.47	0.767
Urea (mg/dL)	22.15	6.85	18.73	3.77	0.093
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.04	0.21	0.93	0.18	0.150

Notes: Independent t-test;

a Mann–Whitney Test.

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; SGPT, serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (also known as ALT [alanine transaminase]); SGOT, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (also known as AST [aspartate transaminase]).

Table 3 Comparison of hematological indices from day 1 to day 7 of admission between patients on placebo and those treated with Propoelix™

Days	Temperature (°C)			Platelet count (10^3/μL)			Hematocrit (%)			Leukocyte count (10^3/μL)
	Placebo	Treatment	P-value	Placebo	Treatment	P-value	Placebo	Treatment	P-value	Placebo	Treatment	P-value
1	37.62±0.86	37.44±1.01	0.499	98.33±25.92	93.05±41.93	0.883	42.90±4.50	43.62±4.14	0.966	4.23±1.88	3.69±1.41	0.660
2	37.19±0.89	36.72±0.089	0.008	69.86±26.47	58.50±38.77	0.446	42.24±4.87	43.72±4.31	0.867	4.10±2.38	5.11±1.44	0.125
3	36.91±0.86	36.58±0.87	0.067	55.66±27.68	64.44±36.64	0.478	41.79±4.78	42.28±4.43	0.843	4.20±2.19	5.30±1.46	0.126
4	36.78±0.87	36.44±0.89	0.063	60.24±24.66	73.25±41.33	0.075	41.90±4.98	41.88±4.21	0.865	4.30±2.07	5.56±1.41	0.136
5	36.54±0.86	36.28±0.79	0.058	65.90±26.88	78.83±36.16	0.066	41.28±5.07	40.12±9.63	0.909	4.37±2.36	5.56±3.38	0.114
6	36.30±0.88	36.17±0.85	0.124	80.78±43.35	101.42±48.79	0.042	41.31±4.76	41.52±5.21	0.764	5.02±2.49	5.60±1.58	0.766
7	36.23±0.87	36.12±0.96	0.067	107.84±57.22	146.67±64.68	0.006	41.19±4.65	41.24±4.67	0.974	5.44±2.23	5.75±1.87	0.660

Note: Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

Figure 1 Comparison of platelet counts in the Propoelix™-treated group versus placebo.

Table 4 Mean difference in the length of hospitalization

Variable	Placebo				Propoelix 200 mg				P-value
	Mean	Standard deviation	Minimum	Mean	Standard deviation	Minimum	Minimum	Maximum
Duration of treatment (days)	5.46	1.16	4	9	4.69	0.78	4	7	0.012*

Note: Independent t-test,

* P<0.05.

Figure 2 Comparison of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the Propoelix™-treated group versus placebo group on day 1 and day 7 of hospitalization.

Note: *Independent t-test, P<0.05.