Figures & data
Figure 1 Ten regional boundaries of Ghana showing study laboratories.
Notes: Regional hospitals: AcR – Ridge (25), EaK – Eastern (142), VoV – Volta (56), BaS – Brong Ahafo (209), UwR – Upper West (0), UeB – Upper East (0)*. District hospitals: AcT – Tema General (18), AcL – LEKMA (110), EaT – Tetteh Quarshie Memorial (13). Teaching hospitals: AcK – Korle-Bu (699), AsK – Komfo Anokye (7), NoT – Tamale (102), CeT – Cape Coast (6). Zonal public health reference laboratories: AcP – National (0)*, WsE – Sekondi (152), AsP – Kumasi (0)*. Faith-based hospitals: EaN – Holy Family, Nkawkaw (11), AsO – St Patrick, Offinso (14), AsA – Agogo Presbyterian (0)*, BaB – Holy Family, Brekum (19). Research laboratories: BaK – Kintampo (2), UeW – War Memorial (0)*. Quasi Hospitals: Ac3 – 37 Military Hospital (0)*, CeU – University, Cape Coast (3). () Data sets submitted. *Laboratories that did not submit any data during the surveillance period.
Table 1 Bacterial species isolated during 6-month surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, Ghana, June–November 2014
Table 2 Specimen types cultured at laboratories during 6-month nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, Ghana, June–November 2014
Figure 2 Nationwide resistance profile of gram-negative isolates (A) and gram-positive isolates (B) from Ghana, June–November 2014.
Abbreviations: BETA, beta-lactamase; ESBL, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase; AMP, ampicillin; PIP, piperacillin; AMC, augmentin; CXM, cefuroxime; CTX, cefotaxime; MEM, meropenem; AMK, amikacin; NAL, nalidixic acid; CIP, ciprofloxacin; SXT, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; ERY, erythromycin; NIT, nitrofurantoin; CHL, chloramphenicol; TCY, tetracycline; PNV, penicillin V; CLO, cloxacillin; FLC, flucloxacillin; OXA, oxacillin; FOX, cefoxitin; GEN, gentamicin.
Figure 3 Comparison of resistance profile of selected antimicrobial between southern, middle, and northern sectors of Ghana.
Note: Differences observed in ciprofloxacin and penicillin is significant (P<0.05).
Abbreviations: CIP, ciprofloxacin; PEN, penicillin.
Table 3 Minimum inhibitory concentration of randomly selected isolates to some antimicrobial agents
Figure S1 Weekly data report form.
