Outcome of tuberculosis treatment and its predictors among HIV infected patients in southwest Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of TB patients co-infected with HIV at MTUTH, September 2012 to December 2015 (N=188)

Variables	Category	Frequency (%)
Sex	Male	97 (51.60)
	Female	91 (48.40)
Age group	15–29	91 (48.40)
	30–44	86 (45.74)
	45–59	9 (4.79)
	≥60	2 (1.06)
Marital status	Single	67 (35.64)
	Married	65 (34.57)
	Divorced	29 (15.43)
	Widowed	27 (14.36)
Educational status	Illiterate	52 (27.66)
	Primary	70 (37.24)
	Secondary	59 (31.38)
	College	7 (3.72)

Abbreviations: MTUTH, Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital; TB, tuberculosis.

Table 2 Clinical characteristics of HIV infected TB patients at MTUTH, September 2012 to December 2015 (N=188)

Variables		N (%)
TB case	New	163 (86.71)
	Relapse	18 (9.57)
	Default	5 (2.66)
	Treatment failure	2 (1.06)
Smear status	Negative	145 (77.13)
	Positive	43 (22.87)
TB type	SNPTB	118 (62.77)
	SPPTB	43 (22.87)
	EPTB	27 (14.36)
CD4 counts at TB Dx	≤350	167 (88.83)
	350–500	19 (10.11)
	>500	2 (1.06)
WHO stage at TB Dx	III	144 (76.60)
	IV	44 (23.40)
ART regimen during TB treatment	TDF/3TC/EFV	152 (80.85)
	AZT/3TC/EFV	36 (19.15)
ART regimen at TB Dx (N=98)	TDF/3TC/EFV	38 (38.78)
	AZT/3TC/NVP	35 (35.71)
	AZT/3TC/EFV	24 (24.49)
	TDF/3TC/NVP	1 (1.02)
ART regimen change due to TB treatment (N=98)	Yes	36 (19.15)
	No	152 (80.85)
Anti-TB regimen	RHZE	171 (90.96)
	RHZES	17 (9.04)
History of TB treatment	Yes	25 (13.30)
	No	163 (86.70)
Duration of RVI in years	<1	127 (67.60)
	1–5	48 (25.50)
	>5	13 (6.90)

Abbreviations: 3TC, lamivudine; ART, anti-retroviral therapy; AZT, zidovudine; Dx, diagnosis; EFV, efavirenz; EPTB, extrapulmonary tuberculosis; MTUTH, Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital; NVP, nevirapine; RHZES, rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol/streptomycin; RVI, retroviral infection; SNPTB, smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis; SPPTB, smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis; TB, tuberculosis; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; WHO, World Health Organization.

Table 3 Treatment outcomes of HIV infected TB patients at MTUTH, September 2012 to December 2015 (N=188)

Variables		TB treatment outcome					Total N (%)
		Cured N (%)	Defaulted N (%)	Treatment completed, N (%)	Died N (%)	Transferred, N (%)
Sex	Male	11 (5.9)	10 (5.3)	17 (9.0)	11 (5.9)	48 (25.5)	97 (51.6)
	Female	7 (3.7)	10 (5.3)	22 (11.7)	13 (6.9)	39 (20.7)	91 (48.4)
Age group	15–29	6 (3.2)	8 (4.3)	18 (9.6)	15 (8.0)	44 (23.4)	91 (48.4)
	30–44	11 (5.9)	11 (5.9)	18 (9.6)	7 (3.7)	39 (20.7)	86 (45.7)
	45–59	1 (0.5)	1 (0.5)	3 (1.6)	1 (0.5)	3 (1.6)	9 (4.8)
	≥60	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (0.5)	1 (0.5)	2 (1.1)
Marital status	Single	5 (2.7)	4 (2.1)	12 (6.4)	10 (5.3)	36 (19.1)	67 (35.6)
	Married	7 (3.7)	10 (5.3)	15 (8.0)	9 (4.8)	24 (12.8)	65 (34.6)
	Widowed	3 (1.6)	3 (1.6)	4 (2.1)	4 (2.1)	13 (6.9)	27 (14.4)
	Divorced	3 (1.6)	3 (1.6)	8 (4.3)	1 (0.5)	14 (7.4)	29 (15.4)
Educational level	Illiterate	8 (4.3)	3 (1.6)	10 (5.3)	9 (4.8)	22 (11.7)	52 (27.7)
	Primary	7 (3.7)	9 (4.8)	13 (6.9)	9 (4.8)	32 (17.0)	70 (37.2)
	Secondary	3 (1.6)	7 (3.7)	15 (8.0)	6 (3.2)	28 (14.9)	59 (31.4)
	College	0 (0.0)	1 (0.5)	1 (0.5)	0 (0)	5 (2.7)	7 (3.7)
TB Type	SNPTB	0 (0.0)	14 (7.4)	32 (17.0)	17 (9.0)	55 (29.3)	118 (62.8)
	SPPTB	18 (9.6)	5 (2.7)	0 (0.0)	4 (2.1)	16 (8.5)	43 (22.9)
	EPTB	0 (0.0)	1 (0.5)	7 (3.7)	3 (1.6)	16 (8.5)	27 (14.4)
TB case	New	17 (9.0)	16 (8.5)	35 (18.6)	21 (11.2)	74 (39.4)	163 (86.7)
	Relapse	1 (0.5)	2 (1.1)	4 (2.1)	3 (1.6)	8 (4.3)	18 (9.6)
	After failure	0 (0.0)	1 (0.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (0.5)	2 (1.1)
	Default	0 (0.0)	1 (0.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	4 (2.1)	5 (2.7)
Hx of TB treatment	Yes	17 (9.0)	16 (8.5)	34 (18.1)	21 (11.2)	75 (39.9)	163 (86.7)
	No	1 (0.5)	4 (2.1)	5 (2.7)	3 (1.6)	12 (6.4)	25 (13.3)
CD4 count at TB Dx	<350	17 (9.0)	19 (10.1)	32 (17.0)	24 (12.8)	75 (39.9)	167 (88.8)
	350–500	1 (0.5)	1 (0.5)	6 (3.2)	0 (0.0)	11 (5.9)	19 (10.1)
	>500	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (0.5)	0 (0.0)	1 (0.5)	2 (1.1)
WHO stage at TB Dx	III	13 (6.9)	16 (8.5)	33 (17.6)	10 (5.3)	72 (38.3)	144 (76.6)
	IV	5 (2.7)	4 (2.1)	6 (3.2)	14 (7.4)	15 (8.0)	44 (23.4)
Anti-TB regimen	RHZE	17 (9.0)	17 (9.0)	36 (19.2)	21 (11.2)	80 (42.6)	171 (91.0)
	RHZES	1 (0.5)	3 (1.6)	3 (1.6)	3 (1.6)	7 (3.7)	17 (9.0)
Total		18 (9.6)	20 (10.6)	39 (20.7)	24 (12.8)	87 (46.3)	188 (100.0)

Abbreviations: Dx, diagnosis; EPTB, extrapulmonary tuberculosis; Hx, history; MTUTH, Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital; RHZE, rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol; RHZES, rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol/streptomycin; SNPTB, smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis; SPPTB, smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis; TB, tuberculosis; WHO, World Health Organization.

Table 4 Factors associated with treatment outcome of TB in TB/HIV co-infected patients at MTUTH, September 2012 to December 2015

Variables		Treatment success rate		Univariate analysis		Multivariable analysis
		Unsuccessful	Successful	p-value	COR (95%CI)	p-value	AOR (95%CI)
Sex	Male	69	28	1.00	1.00
	Female	62	29	0.66	0.87 (0.47, 1.62)
Age group	15–29	67	24	1.00	1.00
	30–44	57	29	0.29	0.70 (0.37, 1.34)
	45–59	5	4	0.26	0.448 (0.11, 1.81)
	≥60	2	0	0.99	546410616 (0.00, –)
Education	Illiterate	34	18	0.30	0.31 (0.04, 2.82)
	Primary	50	20	0.43	0.42 (0.05, 3.68)
	Secondary	41	18	0.39	0.38 (0.04, 3.37)
	College	6	1	1.00	1.00
Marital status	Single	50	17	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	Married	43	22	0.29	0.66 (0.31, 1.41)	0.14	0.54 (0.24, 1.22)
	Widowed	20	7	0.96	0.97 (0.35, 2.70)	0.96	0.97 (0.332, 2.84)
	Divorced	18	11	0.22	0.56 (0.22, 1.41)	0.27	0.57 (0.21, 1.55)
Smear status	Positive	25	18	0.06	0.51 (0.25, 1.04)	0.02	0.40 (0.18, 0.88)
	Negative	106	39	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
TB type	SNPTB	86	32	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	SPPTB	25	18	0.08	0.52 (0.25, 1.07)	0.02	0.40 (0.18, 0.88)
	EPTB	20	7	0.90	1.06 (0.41, 2.75)	0.70	0.82 (0.30, 2.27)
WHO stage at TB Dx	III	98	46	1.00	1.00
	IV	33	11	0.38	1.41 (0.65, 3.03)
Initial WHO stage	II	16	16	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	III	91	35	0.02	2.60 (1.17, 5.76)	0.03	3.08 (1.14, 8.38)
	IV	24	6	0.02	4.00 (1.29, 12.42)	0.02	5.80 (1.36, 24.71)
Duration of RVI at TB Dx in years	<1	93	34	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	1–5	32	16	0.39	0.73 (0.36, 1.50)	0.66	1.23 (0.49, 3.07)
	>5	6	7	0.05	0.31 (0.10, 0.99)	0.34	0.52 (0.14, 2.00)
CD4 count at ART initiation	<200	54	18	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	200–350	50	21	0.54	0.79 (0.38, 1.66)	0.87	1.07 (0.47, 2.42)
	>350	27	18	0.09	0.50 (0.22, 1.11)	0.79	0.88 (0.35, 2.25)
ART changed	Yes	20	16	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	No	111	41	0.04	2.17 (1.02, 4.58)	0.31	1.62 (0.635, 4.12)
CD4 count at TB Dx	<350	118	49	1.00	1.00
	350–500	12	7	0.50	0.71 (0.26, 1.92)
	>500	1	1	0.54	0.42 (0.02, 6.77)

Abbreviations: ART, anti-retroviral therapy; Dx; diagnosis; EPTB, extrapulmonary tuberculosis; MTUTH, Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital; RVI, retroviral infection; SNPTB, smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis; SPPTB, smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis; TB, tuberculosis; WHO, World Health Organization.