Factors associated with carotid intima-media thickness in patients on maintenance hemodialysis

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline data of patients (N=68)

Parameters	Frequency or Mean ± SD
Gender
Male/female	41/27
Diabetes	16/68 (23.52%)
CVD	17/68 (25.00%)
CHD	10/68 (14.70%)
Stroke	9/68 (13.23%)
PAD	2/68 (2.94%)
Statin user	6/68 (8.82%)
Age (years)	56.28±11.794
Duration on HD (months)	50.46±32.35
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Standing	148.58±24.49
Sitting	148.60±24.55
Lying	148.68±24.24
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Standing	85.22±11.85
Sitting	85.29±12.02
Lying	86.32±10.49
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	22.21±4.28
Waist circumference (cm)	85.13±12.43
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	9.87±1.66
White blood cells (10^3/mm^3)	7.65±2.07
Neutrophils (10^3/mm^3)	4.87±1.59
Lymphocytes (10^3/mm^3)	1.60±0.65
Monocytes (10^3/mm^3)	0.56±0.18
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	164.24±38.61
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	104.73±33.70
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	39.36±13.45
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	156.36±90.38
Albumin plasma (g/dL)	4.03±0.36
Calcium (mg/dL)	9.01±0.66
Albumin-adjusted calcium (mg/dL)	8.98±0.70
Phosphate (mg/dL)	9.01±0.66
Calcium-phosphate product (mg^2/dL^Citation2)	51.15±18.64
IL-6 serum (pg/mL)	5.09±3.36
hs-CRP serum (mg/L)	8.95±28.45
CIMT (mm)	0.67±0.13

Abbreviations: CHD, coronary heart disease; CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HD, hemodialysis; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PAD, peripheral arterial disease.

Table 2 Mean CIMT by gender and clinical status

Parameters	Mean ± SD	P-value
Gender
Male	0.7056±0.1236	0.003*
Female	0.6141±0.1167
CVD
No	0.6494±0.1272	0.026*
Yes	0.7288±0.1152
Diabetes
No	0.6640±0.1131	0.549
Yes	0.6863±0.1131
Statins user
No	0.6698±0.1304	0.907
Yes	0.6633±0.1130

Note:

* Statistically significant.

Abbreviations: CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness, CVD, cardiovascular disease.

Table 3 Correlation of CIMT and clinical parameters

Parameters	CIMT (mm)
	R-value	P-value
Age (years)	0.607	<0.001*
Duration on HD (months)	−0.133	0.280
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Standing	−0.019	0.880
Sitting	−0.031	0.804
Lying	−0.008	0.948
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Standing	−0.171	0.166
Sitting	−0.170	0.167
Lying	−0.146	0.234
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	0.200	0.102
Waist circumference (cm)	0.175	0.153
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	0.096	0.437
White blood cells (10^3/mm^3)	0.025	0.840
Neutrophils (10^3/mm^3)	−0.006	0.593
Lymphocytes (10^3/mm^3)	0.010	0.934
Monocytes (10^3/mm^3)	0.045	0.716
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	−0.193	0.115
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	−0.154	0.210
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	−0.042	0.734
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	−0.206	0.091
Albumin plasma (g/dL)	−0.291	0.016*
Calcium serum (mg/dL)	−0.035	0.777
Albumin-adjusted calcium (mg/dL)	0.086	0.487
Phosphate serum (mg/dL)	−0.294	0.015*
Calcium-phosphate product (mg^2/dL^Citation2)	−0.284	0.019*
IL-6 serum (pg/mL)	0.095	0.458
hs-CRP serum (mg/L)	0.279	0.030*

Note:

* Statistically significant.

Abbreviations: CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; HD, hemodialysis; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.

Table 4 Role of various risk factors for CIMT

Model 1	Unstandardized coefficients		Standardized coefficients			95% CI for B
	B	Std. error	B	t	Sig.
Constant	0.342	0.232	1.472	3.749	0.147	−0.124 to 0.807
Age	0.006	0.002	0.452	0.156	<0.001*	0.003 to 0.009
Albumin	0.007	0.047	0.023	–	0.877	0.088 to 0.103
Phosphate	−0.022	0.036	−0.370	0.608	0.546	0.095 to 0.051
Calcium-phosphate product	0.002	0.004	0.273	0.455	0.651	0.006 to 0.010
hs-CRP	0.001	0.001	0.212	1.536	0.130	0.000 to 0.002

Note:

* Statistically significant.

Abbreviations: CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

Figure 1 Correlation between age and CIMT.

Abbreviation: CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness.

WrightJHutchisonACardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney diseaseVasc Health Risk Manag2009571372219756163

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