Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism: a case–control study

Figures & data

Table 1 General characteristics of cases and controls (n=242)

Parameter	Cases	Controls	P-value
Age
Mean (SD)	55.71 (16.46)	50.20 (14.09)	0.005
Median (IQR)	58 (23.25)	50 (22)
Sex, N (%)
Male	21 (47.7)	23 (52.3)	0.74
Female	101 (50.5)	99 (49.5)
DM-II, N (%)
Yes	71 (77.2)	21 (22.8)	<0.001
No	51 (33.6)	101 (66.4)
HbA1c
Mean (SD)	4.33 (4.37)	3.21 (3.41)	0.03
Median (IQR)	5.48 (7.50)	2.25 (5.84)
Insulin, N (%)
Yes	16 (100.0)	0 (0)	<0.001
No	106 (46.5)	122 (53.5)
Oral hypoglycemic drugs, N (%)
Yes	26 (76.5)	8 (23.5)	<0.001
No	96 (45.7)	114 (54.3)
Diabetic foot, N (%)
Yes	3 (100.0)	0 (0)	0.08
No	119 (49.4)	122 (50.6)
Retinopathy, N (%)
Yes	1 (100.0)	0 (0)	0.32
No	121 (49.8)	122 (50.2)
Nephropathy, N (%)
Yes	10 (100.0)	0 (0)	<0.001
No	112 (47.9)	122 (52.1)
HTN, N (%)
Yes	51 (100.0)	0 (0.0)	<0.001
No	71 (36.8)	122 (63.2)
CAD, N (%)
Yes	29 (96.7)	1 (3.3)	<0.001
No	93 (43.5)	121 (56.5)
Stroke, N (%)
Yes	<a>4 (100.0)	0 (0)	0.04
No	118 (49.2)	122 (50.8)

Abbreviations: CAD, coronary artery disease; DM-II, type 2 diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; IQR, interquartile range.

Table 2 Univariate logistic regression and OR results

Parameter	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Age	1.02 (1.01–1.04)	0.006
Sex	1.12 (0.58–2.15)	0.74
DM-II	6.70 (3.70–12.10)	<0.001
HbA1c	1.08 (1.01–1.15)	0.029
Insulin	1.86 (−)a	0.99
Oral hypoglycemic drugs	3.86 (1.67–8.92)	0.002
HTN	2.78 (−)a	0.99
CAD	37.73 (5.05–282.08)	<0.001
Stroke	1.67 (−)a	0.99
Diabetic foot	1.66 (−)a	0.99
Retinopathy	1.63 (−)a	1.00
Nephropathy	1.76 (−)a	0.99

Note:

a CI could not be estimated due to sparse data, as at least one cell included less than five patients.

Abbreviations: CAD, coronary artery disease; DM-II, type 2 diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension.

Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression and OR results

Parameter	OR (95% CI)	P-value
DM-II	4.14 (2.20–7.80)	<0.001
CAD	14.15 (1.80–111.43)	0.012

Abbreviations: CAD, coronary artery disease; DM-II, type 2 diabetes mellitus.