Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients from a Quarantine Center in a Developing Community: A Retrospective Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of Patients with Novel Coronavirus Infection in Northern Jordan

Associated Variables	Number	Percent (%)
	Mean ± SD
Sex
Male	45	41.7
Female	63	58.3
Age (y)	36.4 ± 17.1
Age category
Children and adolescents (1–19 y)	16	14.8
Young adults (20–40 y)	49	45.4**
Old adults (41–60 y)	34	31.5
Seniors (61–80 y)	9	8.3
Smoking	26	24.1
Comorbidities
Ischemic heart disease	5	4.6
Hypertension	19	17.6
Diabetes mellitus	11	10.2
Dyslipidemia	7	6.5
Malignancy	2	1.9
Symptoms
Asymptomatic	45	41.7**
Cough	43	39.8**
Headache	14	13.0
Fever	16	14.8
Chills	10	9.3
URTS	47	43.5**
Dyspnea	14	13.0
Infection period (days)	13.5 ± 7.6
Outcome
Cured	107	99.1**
Dead	1	0.9

Notes: **P < 0.01, chi-square test.

Abbreviations: ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; URTS; upper respiratory tract symptoms; SD, standard deviation; y, years.

Table 2 Mean Laboratory Test Values for COVID-19 Patients in Northern Jordan

Test	Normal Range	Mean ± SD	Median
Leukocytes (×10^3/mm^3)	4–11	7.0 ± 2.6	6.8
Neutrophils (×10^3/mm^3)	1.5–7	4.4 ± 2.5	4.0
Lymphocytes (×10^3/mm^3)	1–3	2.0 ± 0.9	1.9
Platelets (×10^3/mm^3)	150–400	231.0 ± 64.7	220
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	11.5–15.5	13.8 ± 1.9	13.9
Creatinine (μmol/L)	50–107	67.6 ± 19.5	64.5
ALT (U/L)	<33	21.2 ± 14.9	16
AST (U/L)	<32	21.8 ± 7.4	20
Albumin (g/L)	35–55	45.5 ± 3.9	45.8
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	<10	6.7 ± 8.4	2.9
ESR (mm/h)	<20	21.9 ± 17.9 ↑	20
LDH (U/L)	260–420	447.8 ± 145.9 ↑	419
D-dimer (μg/mL)	<0.5	1.0 ± 0.4 ↑	1.0

Note: ^↑ indicates elevated mean value.

Abbreviations: ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, Aspartate transaminase; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; SD, standard deviation; y, years.

Table 3 Distribution of Laboratory Test Results for Patients with Novel Coronavirus Infection in Northern Jordan

Test	Low N (%)	Normal N (%)	High N (%)
Leukocytes (108/108)	15 (13.9)	85 (78.7)	8 (7.4)
Neutrophils (108/108)	9 (8.3)	88 (81.5)	11 (10.2)
Lymphocytes (108/108)	8 (7.4)	82 (75.9)	18 (16.7)
Platelets (108/108)	16 (14.8)	91 (84.3)	1 (0.9)
Hemoglobin (108/108)	13 (12.0)	70 (64.8)	25 (23.1)
Creatinine (106/108)	11 (10.4)	89 (84.0)	6 (5.6)
ALT (108/108)	–	93 (86.1)	15 (13.9)
AST (108/108)	–	98 (90.7)	10 (9.3)
Albumin (108/108)	2 (1.9)	98 (90.7)	8 (7.4)
C-reactive protein (102/108)	-	74 (72.5)	28 (27.5)
ESR (98/108)	-	51 (52.0)	47 (48.0)**
LDH (94/108)	0 (0.0)	48 (51.1)	46 (48.9)**
D-dimer (103/108)	-	23 (22.3)	80 (77.7)***

Notes: **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, chi-square test.

Abbreviations: ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, Aspartate transaminase; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; N, number..

Table 4 Factors Associated with the Severity of Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients in Jordan

Associated Variables	Mild Symptoms	Severe Symptoms	P-value
Sex, n (%)			0.460
Male	15 (28.3)	4 (40.0)
Female	38 (71.7)	6 (60.0)
Mean age (y), mean ± SD	34.2 ± 15.5	50.3 ± 18.4	0.005
Age category, n (%)			0.046
Children and adolescents (1–19y)	10 (18.9)	1 (10.0)
Young adults (20–40 y)	23 (43.4)^↑	1 (10.0)
Old adults (41–60 y)	16 (30.2)	6 (60.0)
Seniors (61–80 y)	4 (7.5)	2 (20.0)
Comorbidities, n (%)
Ischemic heart disease	2 (3.8)	1 (10.0)	0.396
Hypertension	7 (13.2)	2 (20.0)	0.573
Diabetes mellitus	4 (7.5)	2 (20.0)	0.219
Dyslipidemia	4 (7.5)	1 (10.0)	0.792
Malignancy	0 (0.0)	1 (10.0)^↑	0.020
Elevated Laboratory Values, n (%)
C-reactive protein	14 (26.4)	6 (60.0)^↑	0.036
ESR	29 (54.7)	8 (80.0)	0.136
LDH	26 (49.1)	7 (70.0)	0.224
D-dimer	39 (73.6)	9 (90.0)	0.264
Infection period (days), mean ± SD	16.2 ± 7.7	14.2 ± 6.7	0.572
Mortality, n (%)	0 (0.0)	1 (10.0)^↑	0.020

Note: ^↑Higher than expected frequency.

Abbreviations: ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; NS, not significant; n, number; P, probability; SD, standard deviation; y, years.

Table 5 Factors Associated with Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients in Northern Jordan

Associated Variables	Symptomatic	Asymptomatic	P-value
Sex, n (%)			0.004
Male	19 (30.2)	26 (57.8)
Female	44 (69.8)^↑	19 (42.2)
Mean age (y), mean ± SD	36.8 ± 16.9	35.9 ± 17.7	0.797
Age category, n (%)			0.347
Children and adolescents (1–19y)	11 (17.5)	5 (11.1)
Young adults (20–40 y)	24 (38.1)	25 (55.6)
Old adults (41–60 y)	22 (34.9)	12 (26.7)
Seniors (61–80 y)	6 (9.5)	3 (6.7)
Smoking, n (%)			0.070
Yes	11 (17.5)	15 (33.3)
No	52 (82.5)	30 (66.7)
ESR value, mean ± SD	26.3 ± 18.7	15.0 ± 14.1	0.001
ESR level, n (%)			0.003
Normal	24 (40.0)	27 (71.1)^↑
High	36 (60.0)^↑	11 (28.9)
LDH value, mean ± SD	468.9 ± 171.2	423.3 ± 106.2	0.138
LDH level, n (%)			0.059
Normal	22 (42.3)	26 (61.9)
High	30 (57.7)	16 (38.1)
D-dimer value, mean ± SD	1.1 ± 0.5	1.0 ± 0.3	0.370
D-dimer level, n (%)			0.773
Normal	14 (23.3)	9 (20.9)
High	46 (76.7)	34 (79.1)
Infection period (days), mean ± SD	16.0 ± 7.6	10.3 ± 6.3	<0.000

Note: ^↑Higher than expected frequency.

Abbreviations: ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; NS, not significant; n, number; P, probability; SD, standard deviation; y, years.