COVID-19 Pandemic Preparedness and Response of Chronic Disease Patients in Public Health Facilities

Figures & data

Figure 1 Schematic presentation of sample size allocation in the North Shoa Zone healthcare facilities, Oromia region, Ethiopia.

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Study Participants Who Had Follow-Up in the North Shaw Zone Healthcare Facilities, Oromia Region, from May 5, 2020, to June 5/2020 (n=410)

Variables	Number of Participants	Percent (%)
Sex
Male	215	52.4
Female	195	47.6
Age
15–24	36	8.8
25–34	97	23.7
35–44	102	24.9
≥45	175	42.6
Residence
Urban	202	49.3
Rural	208	50.7
Level of education
Informal education	212	51.7
Formal educated	198	48.3
Marital Status
Married	295	72.0
Single	115	28.0
Family size
1–5	323	78.8
6 and above	87	21.2
Religion
Orthodox	349	85.1
Protestant	42	10.3
Wakefata	3	0.7
Muslim	16	3.9
Ethnicity
Oromo	357	87.1
Amhara	43	10.5
Tigre	2	0.5
Gurage	8	1.9
Occupational status
Unemployed	270	65.85
Employed	140	34.15
Family monthly income (in Birr)
≤2000	268	65.4
2001–5000	104	25.4
5001–8000	38	9.2

Figure 2 The COVID-19 source of information for the first time among chronic disease patients who had follow-up in the North Shoa Zone healthcare facilities, Oromia region, Ethiopia from May 5, 2020, to June 5/2020 (n=410).

Figure 3 The trusted source of information among chronic disease patients who had follow-up in the North Shoa Zone healthcare facilities, Oromia region, Ethiopia, from May 5, 2020, to June 5/2020 (n=410).

Table 2 Knowledge of COVID-19 Among Chronic Disease Patients Who Had Follow-Up in the North Shaw Zone Healthcare Facilities, Oromia Region, from May 5, 2020, to June 5/2020 (n=410)

Knowledge Variables	Yes (%)	No (%)
Do you heard about COVID-19?	395(96.4%)	15(3.6%)
Does the COVID-19 is transmitted from one person to another?	368(89.8)	42(10.2)
Does the COVID-19 have a treatment?	206(50.2)	204(49.8)
Washing hands with water and soap can eliminate the COVID-19.	354(86.4)	56(13.6)
Rubbing hands with alcohol or sanitizer eliminate COVID-19?	328(80.0)	82(20)
Wearing a mask and glove reduce transmission of COVID-19?	366(89.3)	44(10.7)
The disease can be transmitted directly through contact with infected individuals (handshaking, hugging, kissing)	356(86.8)	54(13.2)
Do you think people with chronic disease at risk for COVID-19?	323(78.8)	87(21.2)
Do you think the elder person’s higher risk to get the COVID-19?	310(75.6)	100(24.4)
Do you know maintaining a physical distance prevents COVID-19?	354(86.3)	56(13.7)
Do you know COVID-19 is prevented by social distance/limiting participation on Idir, Ikub, wedding, funeral, and senbete?	350(85.4)	60(14.6)
What are the main symptoms of COVID-19? Select from the following?
Fever	348(84.9)	62(15.1)
Cough/Sneeze	337(82.2)	73(17.8)
Shortness of breath and breathing difficulties	204(49.8)	206(50.2)
Sore throat	134(32.7)	276(67.3)
Muscle pain	94(22.9)	316(77.1)
Headache	139(33.9)	217(66.1)
Minimum-Maximum	0–17
Main ±SD	12.11±2.7
Knowledgeably	267(65.1%)
Not knowledgeably	143(34.9%)

Table 3 Preparedness Toward COVID-19 Prevention of Chronic Diseases Patients Who Had Follow-Up in the North Shaw Zone Healthcare Facilities, Oromia Region, from May 5, 2020, to June 5/2020 (n=410)

Preparedness Variables	Yes (%)	No (%)
Do you have water and soap at your house get to prevent COVID-19?	328(80)	82(20)
Do you stock alcohol or sanitizer to prevent COVID-19?	299(72.9)	111(27.1)
Do you stock mask and glove to prevent COVID-19?	95(23.2)	315(76.8)
Do you stock sufficient medication for your chronic illness?	261(63.7)	149(36.3)
Do you have an emergency phone number in a visible area in the house?	145(35.4)	265(64.6)
Do you stock blench to prevent COVID-19?	188(45.9)	222(54.1)
Do you stock dustbin for soft tissue disposal?	238(58)	172(42.0)
Will your family allow time to prepare and preventive measures?	269(65.6)	141(34.4)
Do you reduce the frequency of visiting the hospital during COVID-19?	265(64.6)	145(35.4)
Do you stock sufficient food to reduce frequency marketing?	217(52.9)	193(47.1)
Do you prepare an isolation room for suspected family members?	194(47.3)	216(52.7)
Minimum – maximum	0–11
Mean ±SD	6.63±2.9
COVID-19 prevention, preparedness
Good preparedness	219(53.4)
poor preparedness	191(46.6)

Table 4 Response Against the COVID-19 Prevention Among Chronic Disease Patients Who Had Follow-Up in the North Shaw Zone Healthcare Facilities, Oromia Region, from May 5, 2020, to June 5/2020 (n=410)

Response Variables	Yes (%)	No (%)
Do you avoid going out of your home to prevent the COVID-19?	299(72.9%)	111(27.1%)
Do you avoid consuming outdoor food to prevent contracting COVID-19?	300(73.2%)	110(26.8%)
Do you avoid handshaking, hugging, and Kissing to avoid the COVID-19?	367(89.5%)	43(10.5%)
Do you avoid using public transportations to avoid contacting COVID-19?	310(75.6%)	100(24.4%)
To prevent COVID-19, Do you frequently wash your hands with soap?	357(87.1%)	53(12.9%)
Do you pay more attention to your hygiene than usual to prevent COVID-19?	334(81.5%)	76(18.5%)
Do you use herbal products and traditional medicine to prevent COVID-19?	163(39.8%)	247(60.2%)
To prevent COVID-19, do you take a vitamin or immunity boost supplements?	161(39.3%)	249(60.7%)
Do you start using masks to prevent COVID-19?	338(82.4%)	72(17.6%)
To prevent COVID-19, do you use disinfectant solutions/alcohol/sanitizer?	302(73.7%)	108(26.3%)
To prevent the COVID-19, do you avoid unnecessary vacations?	272(66.3%)	138(33.7%)
Do you teach about COVID-19 prevention methods for your family members?	336(82%)	74(18%)
Do you teach about COVID-19 prevention methods for your friends?	340(82.9%)	70(17.1%)
Do you teach about COVID-19 prevention methods for your neighborhood?	312(76.1%)	98(23.9%)
Do you post a hand washing procedure in your house for your family members?	274(66.8%)	136(33.2%)
Do you show hand washing/mask/glove using procedures for your family?	329(80.2%)	81(19.8%)
Minimum-Maximum	0–16
Mean ±SD	11.69±3.10
Response against COVID-19 prevention
Good response	256(62.4%)
Poor response	154(37.6%)

Table 5 Factors Associated with Preparedness Towards COVID-19 Prevention in North Shaw Zone Healthcare Facilities, Oromia Region, from May 5, 2020, to June 5/2020 (n=410)

Variables	Preparedness		COR(95% CI)	AOR(95% CI)
	No	Yes
Age
15–24	12	24	1	1
25–34	46	51	0.55(0.25,1.23)	0.33(0.20,1.11)
35–44	52	50	0.48(0.22,1.66)	0.29(0.20,1.50)
≥45	81	94	0.58(0.27,1.65)	0.42(0.21,1.50)
Sex
Male	89	126	1.55(1.05,2.30)*	1.05(1.01,2.33)*
Female	102	93	1	1
Residence
Urban	93	109	1	1
Rural	98	208	1.04(0.71–1.54)	0.95(0.97,1.26)
Level of education
Informal education	105	107	0.78(0.53,1.16)	0.65(0.46,1.10)
Formal education	86	112	1	1
Marital Status
Married	142	153	1	1
Single	49	66	0.80(0.52,1.24)	0.56(0.391,1.19)
Occupational status
Unemployed	128	142	0.91(0.60,1.37)	0.85(0.57,1.24
Employed	63	77	1	1
Family monthly income (in Birr)
≤2000	124	144	0.99(0.50,1.97)	0.73(0.44,1.43)
2001–5000	50	54	0.92(0.43,1.95)	0.56(0.41,1.68)
5001–8000	17	20	1	1
Family size
1–5	148	175	1	1
6 and above	43	44	1.13(0.70,1.82)	1.08(0.63,1.83)
Knowledge
Poor knowledge	106	128	1.13(0.76,1.67)	1.09(0.71,1.66)
Good knowledge	85	91	1	1
Source of information
News media	61	90	2.58(1.50,4.44)*	2.16(1.35,4.02)*
Social media and internet	33	63	3.34(1.82,6.12)*	3.09(1.90,6.63*
Family/friends	41	34	1.45(0.77,2.72)	1.15(0.50,2.07)
Health care providers	56	32	1	1
Types of Chronic disease
HIV/ADIS	66	73	1	1
TB	32	40	2.53(1.99,6.53)*	2.22(1.66,3.24)*
Hypertension	32	44	2.86(1.05,7.79)*	1.49(1.79,2.78)*
Diabetes mellitus	21	39	3.14(1.16,8.53)*	1.62(1.82,3.19)*
Heart failure	18	15	4.25(1.51,11.94)*	1.05(0.46,2.39)
Cancer	6	1	1.91(0.62,5.85)	0.17(0.02,1.51)
Others	16	7	0.38(0.04,3.78)	0.36(0.13,1.02)

Notes: 1=reference, and *= statistically significant at p-value< 0.05 in bivariable and multivariable logistic regression, Hosmer and Lemeshow test = 0.935.

Table 6 Factors Associated with Response to COVID-19 Prevention in North Shaw Zone Healthcare Facilities, Oromia Region, from May 5, 2020, to June 5/2020 (n=410)

Variables	Response		COR(95% CI)	AOR(95% CI)
	No	Yes
Age
15–24	12	24	1	1
25–34	39	58	0.74(0.33,1.66)	0.(35(0.23,1.56)
35–44	41	61	0.70(0.30,1.64)	0.65(0.28,1.60)
≥45	62	113	0.91(0.43,1.95)	0.85(0.41,1.86)
Sex
Male	73	142	1.38(0.93,2.06)	1.32(0.90,1.99)
Female	81	114	1	1
Residence
Urban	68	134	1	1
Rural	86	122	0.72(0.48,1.98)	0.56(0.39,1.60)
Level of education
Informal education	95	117	0.52(0.35,0.79)*	0.49(0.30,0.91)*
Formal education	59	139	1	1
Marital Status
Married	114	181	1	1
Single	40	75	1.18(0.75,1.85)	1.08(0.71,1.67)
Occupational status
unemployed	110	160	0.67(0.43,1.63)	0.51(0.41,1.03)
employed	44	96	1	1
Family monthly income (in Birr)
≤2000	98	170	0.83(0.40,1.73)	0.79(0.26,1.61)
2001–5000	44	60	0.66(0.30,1.44)	0.57(0.23,1.40)
5001–8000	12	25	1	1
Family size
1–5	114	209	1	1
6 and above	40	47	0.64(0.40,1.44)	0.55(0.37,1.14)
Knowledge
Poor knowledge	85	149	1.13(0.76,1.67)	1.11(0.71,1.64)
Good knowledge	69	107	1	1
Source of information
News media	40	111	2.76(1.60,4.820*	2.71(1.47,4.07)*
Social media and internet	37	59	1.60(0.89,2.87)*	1.24(0.63,2.43)
Family/friends	33	42	1.27(0.69,2.36)	1.05(0.60,2.08)
Health care providers	44	44	1	1

Notes: 1=reference, and *= statistically significant at p-value< 0.05 in bivariable and multivariable logistic regression, Hosmer and Lemeshow test = 0.786.