The Effect of the Enhanced Endpoint of Pulmonary Vein Isolation on the Long-Term Success Rate of Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation

Figures & data

Figure 1 Study grouping flow chart.

Table 1 Basic Data of Patients

	No. 1 Group(n=92)	No. 2 Group(n=99)	No. 3 Group(n=102)	P value
Male (cases(%))	56(60.9%)	51(51.5%)	61(59.8%)	0.351
Age (years)	62(54–68)	62(54–66)	60(52–66)	0.478
AF type
Paroxysmal AF (cases [%])	78(84.8%)	88(88.9%)	93(91.2%)	0.375
Persistent AF (cases [%])	14(15.2%)	11(11.1%)	9(8.8%)
Course of AF	24(12–61)	13(5–48)	18(4–60)	0.282
Hypertension (cases)	43(46.7%)	51(51.5%)	41(40.2%)	0.271
Left ventricular hypertrophy (cases)	29(31.5%)	31(31.3%)	33(32.3%)	0.986
Coronary heart disease (cases)	8(8.7%)	4(4.0%)	4(3.9%)	0.287
Diabetes (cases)	11(12.0%)	15(15.2%)	16(15.7%)	0.730
NYHA
I level (cases)	51(55.4%)	64(64.6%)	63(61.8%)	0.414
II level (cases)	41(44.6%)	35(35.4%)	39(38.2%)
BNP	112 (47–300)	110 (45–265)	128 (51–248)	0.820
BMI (kg/m^2)	23.8±2.8	24.3±3.2	24.1±3.2	0.539
CrCl (mL/min)	83.1 (69.3–101.5)	85.7 (71.4–105.1)	85.5 (69.1–97.5)	0.725
CHA2DS2-VASc score (cases)
0~1 points	39(42.4%)	44(44.4%)	48(47.1%)	0.806
≥2 points	53(57.6%)	55(55.6%)	54(52.9%)
HAS-BLED score (cases)
0~2 points	85(92.4%)	89(89.9%)	96(94.1%)	0.536
≥3 points	7(7.6%)	10(10.1%)	6(5.9%)
Smoking history (cases)	24(26.1%)	22(22.2%)	26(25.5%)	0.796
Previous TIA/ischemic stroke (cases)	15(16.3%)	14(14.1%)	8(7.8%)	0.178
Postoperative use of ACE-I or ARB (cases)	29(31.5%)	25(25.3%)	23(22.5%)	0.131
Postoperative use of statins (cases)	27(29.3%)	22(22.2%)	22(21.6%)	0.382
Postoperative use of β-receptor blockers (cases)	26(28.3%)	17(17.2%)	20(19.6%)	0.149
Postoperative use of spironolactone (cases)	5(5.4%)	2(2.0%)	2(2.0%)	0.401

Table 2 Comparison of Operation Time and Others Among 3 Groups

	No.1 Group(n=92)	No. 2 Group(n=99)	No. 3 Group(n=102)	P value
Operation time (min)	130 (125–140)	140 (130–150)	150 (140–166)	0.000
X-ray exposure time (min)	7.9 (5.2–12.2)	7.6 (4.5–10.8)	7.6 (5.0–10.9)	0.522
X-ray exposure dose (mGy)	163.1 (100.7–252.0)	135.9 (96.6–196.1)	170.7 (97.0–247.1)	0.236

Table 3 Comparison of Echocardiography Indexes Among 3 Groups

		No. 1 Group (n=92)	No. 2 Group(n=99)	No. 3 Group(n=102)	P value
Before operation	Left atrium (mm)	37.4±6.2	36.9±5.5	37.3±5.8	0.787
	Pulmonary arterial pressure (mmHg)	27.0 (18.0–35.0)	27.0 (18.0–33.0)	25.0 (18.0–31.3)	0.610
	Left ventricular ejection fraction (%)	66.0 (62.0–71.8)	67.5 (62.0–70.7)	66.6 (62.0–71.1)	0.949
	Interventricular septum thickness (mm)	10.4 (9.5–11.7)	10.3 (9.6–11.3)	10.0 (9.2–11.7)	0.635
	Left ventricular posterior wall thickness (mm)	10.0 (9.1–11.1)	9.8 (9.1–10.6)	9.6 (8.8–10.4)	0.113
Post operation	Left atrium (mm)	34.9±7.1	33.5±6.6	33.0±6.1	0.136
	Pulmonary arterial pressure (mmHg)	28.0 (20.0–34.7)	25.0 (18.0–31.0)	20.0(18.0–27.0)	0.000
	Left ventricular ejection fraction (%)	66.8 (62.5–70.2)	67.0 (63.8–70.2)	67.6 (64.5–70.7)	0.185
	Interventricular septum thickness (mm)	10.1 (9.2–11.6)	9.9 (9.1–10.8)	9.6 (8.9–10.9)	0.167
	Left ventricular posterior wall thickness (mm)	9.6 (8.9–10.7)	9.3 (8.9–10.2)	9.2 (8.6–10.3)	0.119

Table 4 Comparison of the Number of Cases of Recurrent AF Among 3 Groups

	Recurrence	No Recurrence	Total	Recurrence Rate	χ^2	p
Group 1	28	64	92	30.4%	3.249	0.071
Group 2	19	80	99	19.2%
Group 1	28	64	92	30.4%	13.071	0.000*
Group 3	10	92	102	9.8%
Group 2	19	80	99	19.2%	3.586	0.058
Group 3	10	92	102	9.8%

Note: *In this case, pairings should be performed three times, and the calibration test level is = 0.05/3 = 0.0167.