Perceptions Among Medical Staff in Community Health Centres of Coping Capacity Regarding Infectious Disease Epidemics: A Cross-Sectional Study in Shanghai, China

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents (N = 2460)

Variable	Group	N	%
Socio-demographic characteristics
District	Urban	710	28.86
	Suburban	1023	41.63
	Rural	726	29.51
Sex	Male	545	22.15
	Female	1915	77.85
Age (years)	20–29	429	17.44
	30–39	986	40.08
	40–49	851	34.59
	≥50	194	7.89
Education	Junior college or below	466	18.94
	Bachelor	1863	75.73
	Master or above	131	5.32
Professional title	Junior	981	39.89
	Intermediate	1311	53.29
	Senior	168	6.83
Department	General practice	832	33.82
	Prevention and health care	361	14.67
	Traditional Chinese Medicine	196	7.97
	Rehabilitation medicine	59	2.40
	Medical Technology	212	8.62
	Nursing	471	19.15
	Other	329	13.37
Working years (years)	Less than 5	721	29.31
	5–15	1009	41.02
	16–25	519	21.10
	>26	211	8.57
Yearly emergency exercises	Yes	2161	87.85
	No	84	3.42
	Not sure	215	8.74
Participation in emergency exercises before 2020	Yes	1981	80.53
	No	479	19.47
Yearly emergency training	0	70	2.85
	1	685	27.85
	2	754	30.65
	3	171	6.95
	4	472	19.19
	Not sure	308	12.52
Participation in emergency training before 2020	Yes	2288	93.01
	No	172	6.99

Table 2 Comparison of ECCHC Scores by Participant Characteristics (N = 2460)

Variable	Group	Regulation Awareness Mean (SD)	Detection and Reporting Ability Mean (SD)	Handling Ability Mean (SD)	Total Mean (SD)
Socio-demographic characteristics
District	Urban	3.63 (0.03)	3.67 (0.03)	3.78 (0.03)	11.08 (0.10)
	Suburban	3.64 (0.03)	3.66 (0.03)	3.79 (0.03)	11.09 (0.08)
	Rural	3.64 (0.04)	3.67 (0.03)	3.79 (0.03)	11.09 (0.10)
Sex	Male	3.71* (0.04)	3.73 (0.04)	3.80 (0.04)	11.24 (0.12)
	Female	3.61 (0.02)	3.64 (0.02)	3.78 (0.02)	11.04 (0.06)
Age (years)	20–29	3.54 (0.05)	3.60 (0.05)	3.70 (0.05)	10.84 (0.14)
	30–39	3.63 (0.03)	3.67 (0.03)	3.79 (0.03)	11.09 (0.08)
	40–49	3.68 (0.03)	3.68 (0.03)	3.83 (0.03)	11.19 (0.08)
	≥50	3.67 (0.07)	3.71 (0.07)	3.78 (0.06)	11.17 (0.18)
Education	Junior college or below	3.61 (0.04)	3.60 (0.04)	3.71 (0.04)	10.92 (0.12)
	Bachelor	3.65 (0.02)	3.68 (0.02)	3.81 (0.02)	11.14 (0.06)
	Master or above	3.54 (0.07)	3.64 (0.07)	3.77 (0.07)	10.95 (0.19)
Professional title	Junior	3.56 (0.32)	3.60 (0.03)	3.70 (0.03)	10.86 (0.09)
	Intermediate	3.68 (0.02)	3.70 (0.02)	3.83 (0.02)	11.22 (0.07)
	Senior	3.68** (0.08)	3.73* (0.73)	3.94*** (0.07)	11.36** (0.21)
Department	General practice	3.69 (0.03)	3.75 (0.03)	3.85 (0.03)	11.29 (0.09)
	Prevention and health care	3.69 (0.05)	3.72 (0.05)	3.80 (0.04)	11.20 (0.13)
	Traditional Chinese Medicine	3.50 (0.06)	3.49 (0.06)	3.69 (0.06)	10.67 (0.17)
	Rehabilitation medicine	3.64 (0.13)	3.55 (0.13)	3.77 (0.13)	10.96 (0.36)
	Medical Technology	3.51 (0.07)	3.50 (0.06)	3.61 (0.06)	10.63 (0.18)
	Nursing	3.70** (0.04)	3.75*** (0.05)	3.86*** (0.04)	11.31*** (0.12)
	other	3.52 (0.05)	3.51 (0.05)	3.68 (0.05)	10.71 (0.15)
Working years (year)	Less than 5	3.56 (0.04)	3.63 (0.03)	3.75 (0.03)	10.95 (0.10)
	5–15	3.63 (0.03)	3.65 (0.03)	3.76 (0.03)	11.04 (0.08)
	16–25	3.72 (0.04)	3.73 (0.04)	3.85 (0.04)	11.29 (0.11)
	>26	3.72* (0.07)	3.71 (0.06)	3.85 (0.06)	11.29 (0.17)
Emergency exercises and training for public health emergencies involving infectious diseases
Yearly emergency exercises	Yes	3.71*** (0.02)	3.73*** (0.02)	3.84*** (0.02)	11.28*** (0.06)
	No	3.17 (0.09)	3.26 (0.81)	3.45 (0.08)	9.88 (0.24)
	Not sure	3.07 (0.05)	3.16 (0.02)	3.35 (0.05)	9.58 (0.14)
Participation in emergency exercises before 2020	Yes	3.76*** (0.02)	3.78*** (0.02)	3.88*** (0.02)	11.41*** (0.06)
	No	3.12 (0.04)	3.22 (0.04)	3.41 (0.04)	9.74 (0.10)
Yearly emergency training	0	3.17 (0.12)	3.18 (0.11)	3.34 (0.11)	9.69 (0.33)
	1	3.49 (0.03)	3.53 (0.03)	3.67 (0.03)	10.70 (0.09)
	2	3.74 (0.03)	3.76 (0.03)	3.87 (0.03)	11.37 (0.09)
	3	3.96 (0.06)	3.94 (0.06)	4.03 (0.06)	11.92 (0.18)
	4	3.97*** (0.05)	3.99*** (0.04)	4.07*** (0.04)	12.03*** (0.13)
	Not sure	3.12 (0.05)	3.19 (0.05)	3.37 (0.49)	9.68 (0.13)
Participation in emergency training before 2020	Yes	3.69*** (0.02)	3.71*** (0.02)	3.83*** (0.18)	11.23*** (0.05)
	No	2.94 (0.06)	3.06 (0.06)	3.23 (0.06)	9.23 (0.16)
Total		3.64 (0.02)	3.66 (0.02)	3.79 (0.02)	11.09 (0.05)

Notes: ECCHC stands for Questionnaire on the Emergency Capacity of Community Health Centres under Epidemic Situations; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.

Table 3 Linear Regression Models Predicting the Total ECCHC Score and Domain-Specific Scores (N = 2460)

Variable	Group	Model-1			Model-2			Model-3			Model-4
		(Regulation Awareness)			(Detection and Reporting Ability)			(Handling Ability)			(Total)
		β	T-Value	P-value	β	T-Value	P-value	β	T-Value	P-value	β	T-Value	P-value
Socio-demographic characteristics
District	Rural	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
	Suburban	0.08	1.91	0.06	0.06	1.45	0.15	0.05	1.16	0.25	0.19	1.59	0.11
	Urban	0.07	1.50	0.13	0.07	1.58	0.11	0.03	0.59	0.56	0.17	1.29	0.20
Sex	Male	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
	Female	−0.11	−2.41	0.02	−0.11	−2.48	0.01	−0.03	−0.61	0.54	−0.24	−1.94	0.05
Age (years)	20–29	0.06	0.82	0.42	0.08	1.12	0.27	0.03	0.39	0.69	0.17	0.82	0.42
	30–39	0.05	0.96	0.34	0.07	1.38	0.17	0.03	0.66	0.51	0.15	1.05	0.29
	40–49	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
	≥50	−0.08	−1.00	0.32	−0.01	−0.18	0.85	−1.22	−1.60	0.11	−0.22	−0.98	0.33
Education	Junior college or below	0.003	0.05	0.96	−0.05	−0.92	0.36	−0.04	−0.87	0.38	−0.09	−0.60	0.55
	Bachelor’s	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
	Master’s or above	−0.002	−0.03	0.98	0.06	0.71	0.48	0.01	0.17	0.87	0.07	0.30	0.77
Professional title	Junior	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
	Intermediate	0.09	1.83	0.07	0.05	1.18	0.24	0.09	1.97	0.05	0.23	1.74	0.08
	Senior	0.07	0.79	0.43	0.06	0.75	0.46	0.21	2.45	0.01	0.34	1.39	0.17
Department	General practice	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
	Prevention and health care	0.01	0.19	0.85	−0.02	−0.30	0.76	−0.02	−0.42	0.68	−0.03	−0.18	0.86
	Traditional Chinese Medicine	−0.19	−2.68	0.01	−0.28	−4.02	<0.001	−0.16	−2.27	0.02	−0.63	−3.14	0.002
	Rehabilitation medicine	0.06	0.53	0.59	−0.11	−0.98	0.33	0.04	0.35	0.73	−0.008	−0.03	0.98
	Medical technology	−0.16	−2.33	0.02	−0.24	−3.50	<0.001	−0.20	−2.97	0.003	−0.60	−3.08	0.002
	Nursing	0.04	0.70	0.48	0.04	0.73	0.47	0.05	0.95	0.34	0.13	0.83	0.41
	Other	−0.11	−1.88	0.06	−0.19	−3.37	0.001	−0.12	−2.07	0.04	−0.42	−2.56	0.01
Working years (year)	Less than 5	0.02	0.43	0.67	0.06	1.21	0.23	0.07	1.55	0.12	0.15	1.11	0.27
	5–15	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
	16–25	0.10	1.76	0.08	0.10	1.94	0.05	0.07	1.40	0.16	0.27	1.79	0.07
	>26	0.12	1.45	0.15	0.10	1.27	0.21	0.13	1.71	0.09	0.35	1.55	0.12
Yearly emergency exercises	Yes	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
	No	−0.05	−0.46	0.64	−0.03	−0.28	0.78	0.003	0.03	0.98	−0.08	−0.26	0.80
	Not sure	−0.11	−1.33	0.18	−0.10	−1.28	0.20	−0.08	−1.08	0.28	−0.29	−1.30	0.20
Participation in emergency exercises before 2020	Yes	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
	No	−0.32	−5.33	<0.001	−0.26	−4.39	<0.001	−0.20	−3.38	0.001	−0.78	−4.60	<0.001
Yearly emergency training	0	−0.31	−2.66	0.01	−0.38	−3.32	0.001	−0.35	−3.15	0.002	−1.04	−3.19	0.001
	1	−0.21	−4.55	<0.001	−0.20	−4.53	<0.001	−0.18	−4.04	<0.001	−0.60	−4.60	<0.001
	2	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
	3	0.22	2.90	0.004	0.17	2.37	0.02	0.16	2.21	0.03	0.54	2.63	0.009
	4	0.22	4.23	<0.001	0.21	4.30	<0.001	0.20	3.97	<0.001	0.63	4.38	<0.001
	Not sure	−0.32	−4.54	<0.001	−0.33	−4.81	<0.001	−0.29	−4.30	<0.001	−0.94	−4.79	<0.001
Participation in emergency training before 2020	Yes	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
	No	−0.23	−2.80	0.01	−0.17	−2.12	0.03	−0.13	−2.43	0.02	−0.59	−2.58	0.01
Adjusted R square		0.12			0.11			0.09			0.12

Notes: ECCHC stands for Questionnaire on the Emergency Capacity of Community Health Centres under Epidemic Situations; Ref. indicates the reference group.