Association of Nuclear Factor Erythroid-2-Related Actor 2 Gene Polymorphisms with Diabetic Nephropathy in Chinese Patients

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes with and without Diabetic Nephropathy

	Total (n=883)	Without Diabetic Nephropathy (n=500)	With Diabetic Nephropathy (n=383)	P value*
Male, No.(%)	462 (52.3)	242 (48.4)	220 (57.4)	0.008
Age, year	60.6 (11.0)	59.4 (10.6)	62.1 (11.4)	<0.001
Body mass index, kg/m^2	23.9 (3.5)	23.9 (3.7)	23.9 (3.3)	0.868
Nrf2 polymorphisms, No.(%)				0.018
CC	383 (43.4)	222 (44.4)	161 (42.0)
CA	434 (49.2)	231 (46.2)	203 (53.0)
AA	66 (7.5)	47 (9.4)	19 (5.0)
Retinopathy, No.(%)	245 (32.2)	110 (25.9)	135 (40.1)	<0.001
Blood pressure, mmHg
Systolic BP	135.4 (18.6)	132.8 (18.1)	138.8 (18.7)	<0.001
Diastolic BP	82.0 (11.5)	81.6 (11.6)	82.4 (11.3)	0.303
Laboratory results
FBG, mmol/L	8.5 (3.9)	8.4 (3.7)	8.7 (4.3)	0.173
Hemoglobin A1c (%)	8.7 (2.4)	8.6 (2.4)	8.8 (2.4)	0.123
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	4.8 (11.7)	5.1 (15.4)	4.5 (1.3)	0.454
Triglyceride, mmol/L	1.6 (1.7)	1.5 (1.8)	1.7 (1.5)	0.106
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.3 (3.7)	1.4 (4.8)	1.2 (1.2)	0.481
LDL-C, mmol/L	3.0 (7.8)	2.6 (0.9)	3.6 (11.8)	0.054
BUN, mmol/L	6.9 (5.2)	5.4 (1.9)	8.9 (7.1)	<0.001
Microalbuminuria, mg/24h	42.6 (54.5)	6.7 (6.0)	87.5 (54.9)	<0.001
Serum creatinine, μmol/L	87.4 (76.6)	60.1 (16.0)	122.5 (104.4)	<0.001

Notes: Data are the mean ± SD, or n (%). *P values were obtained by an unpaired Student’s t-test analysis or χ² test, as appropriate.

Abbreviations: FBG, fasting blood glucose; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; BUN, blood urea nitrogen.

Table 2 Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Patients with Type-2 Diabetic Nephropathy Classified According to Their −617C/A Genotypes

	CC (n=161)	CA (n=203)	AA (n=19)	P value*
Male, No.(%)	103 (64.0)	221 (52.2)	11 (57.9)	0.079
Age, year	61.3 (11.1)	62.6 (11.8)	63.5 (9.0)	0.451
Body mass index, kg/m^2	23.8 (3.3)	24.0 (3.4)	23.9 (3.3)	0.920
Retinopathy, No.(%)	64 (42.4)	65 (38.9)	6 (31.6)	0.607
Blood pressure, mmHg
Systolic BP	138.0 (19.5)	139.5 (18.6)	138.4 (13.6)	0.747
Diastolic BP	83.0 (12.0)	82.0 (11.1)	83.2 (8.3)	0.676
Laboratory results
FBG, mmol/L	9.1 (4.7)	8.6 (3.9)	6.9 (3.4)	0.092
Hemoglobin A1c (%)	8.8 (2.4)	8.7 (2.4)	9.3 (2.2)	0.649
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	4.6 (1.5)	4.5 (1.2)	4.1 (1.1)	0.294
Triglyceride, mmol/L	1.8 (1.5)	1.5 (1.0)	2.5 (3.5)	0.008
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.1 (0.4)	1.3 (1.6)	1.1 (0.4)	0.400
LDL-C, mmol/L	4.8 (18.1)	2.8 (1.1)	2.5 (1.0)	0.239
BUN, mmol/L	9.3 (7.6)	8.8 (7.0)	6.8 (2.6)	0.343
Microalbuminuria, mg/24h	86.1 (54.7)	88.2 (54.6)	91.5 (62.9)	0.905
Serum creatinine, μmol/L	131.4 (119.0)	115.0 (94.2)	127.2 (67.4)	0.328

Notes: Data are the mean ± SD, or n (%). *P values were obtained by an unpaired Student’s t-test analysis or χ² test, as appropriate.

Abbreviations: FBG, fasting blood glucose; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; BUN, blood urea nitrogen.

Table 3 The Genotypic Distribution of the −617C/A Polymorphism in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with and without Diabetic Nephropathy

	Without Diabetic Nephropathy n (%)	With Diabetic Nephropathy n (%)	χ2	P value*
Genotype			8.04	0.018
CC	222 (44.4)	161 (42.0)
CA	231 (46.2)	203 (53.0)
AA	47 (9.4)	19 (5.0)

Note: *P values were obtained by an χ² test.

Table 4 Univariate and Multivariate Odds Ratios of Diabetic Nephropathy According to the −617C/A Polymorphism

	No. of Cases/Control Subjects	OR (95% CI)		P value*
		Unadjusted	Adjusted
Genotype
CC	161/222	1.00	1.00
CA	203/231	1.21 (0.92, 1.60)	1.23 (0.92, 1.64)	0.162
AA	19/47	0.56 (0.32, 0.99)	0.52 (0.28, 0.94)	0.029
CC+CA	364/453	1.00	1.00
AA	19/47	0.50 (0.29, 0.87)	0.46 (0.26, 0.82)	0.009

Notes: *Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, total triglyceride.

Table 5 Subgroup Analysis of Diabetic Nephropathy According to the −617C/A Polymorphism

Source	OR (95% CI)		P value*	P for Interaction*
	CC+CA	AA
Age, years				0.558
<60	1.00	0.58 (0.25, 1.37)	0.215
≥60	1.00	0.36 (0.16, 0.83)	0.016
Sex				0.653
Male	1.00	0.51 (0.23, 1.14)	0.107
Female	1.00	0.38 (0.16, 0.93)	0.034

Notes: *Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, total triglyceride.