The Moderate Correlation Between 25(OH)D Serum and Saliva in Healthy People with Low Vitamin D Intake

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Characteristics of the Subjects

Variables	Mean	n (%)
Age (years)	41.32 ± 10.68
	Minimum: 18
	Maximum: 58
	Median: 42
Age classification
18–25 years		7 (12.5)
26–35 years		6 (10.7)
36–45 years		19 (33.9)
46–60 years		24 (42.9)
Genders
Male		23 (41.1)
Female		33 (58.9)
Ethnic
Bataknese		26 (46.4)
Malay		30 (53.6)
Occupation
Housewife		21 (37.5)
Entrepreneur		14 (25)
State civil apparatus		9 (16)
Farmer		8 (14.3)
Student		4 (7.2)
Education
Strata 1		9 (16.1)
Diploma		2 (3.6)
Senior High School		33 (58.9)
Junior High School		8 (14.3)
Primary School		4 (7.1)

Notes: Data of age: not normal distribution. Numeric data were presented in mean and standard deviation (SD). Categorical data were presented in number of the subject and percentage.

Table 2 Anthropometry Parameters of the Subjects

Variable	Mean±SD	n (%)
Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m^2)	26.71±11.76
	Minimum: 16.69
	Maximum: 88.95
	Median: 24.62
BMI classification:
<18 kg/m^2		3 (5.4)
18–22.9 kg/m^2		17 (30.4)
23–24.9 kg/m^2		11 (19.6)
>25 kg/m^2		25 (44.6)
Waist circumference measurement and classification:
Men (cm):	83.57±11.07
<90 cm		16 (69.6)
>90 cm		7 (30.4)
Women (cm):	82.36±12.14
<80 cm		13 (39.4)
>80 cm		20 (60.6)

Notes: Data of BMI: not normal distribution. Numeric data were presented in mean and standard deviation (SD). Categorical data were presented in number of the subject and percentage.

Table 3 Characteristic Data of the Subjects Based on Food Intake

Characteristics of Food Intake	Mean±SD	n (%)
Energy intake (calorie/day)	1105.32±577.77
Categorized, n (%):
Less than 2500 calorie/day		56(100)
More than 2500 calorie/day		–
Fat intake (gram/day)	39.21±25.56
Categorized, n (%):
Less than 65 gram/day		39(69.5)
More than 65 gram/day		17(30.5)
Protein intake (gram/day)	44.91±18.48
Categorized, n (%):
Less than 60 gram/day		45(80.3)
More than 60 gram/day		11(19.7)
Carbohydrate intake (gram/day)	39.21±25.56
Categorized, n (%):
Less than 400 gram/day		56(100)
More than 400 gram/day		–
Vitamin D intake (microgram/day)	3.59±1.79
Categorized, n (%):
Less than 15 microgram/day		56(100)
More than 15 microgram/day		–

Notes: Numeric data were presented in mean and standard deviation (SD). Categorical data were presented in number of the subject and percentage.

Table 4 Vitamin D Saliva and Serum Level

Variable	Saliva	Serum	p
25(OH)D level (ng/mL)	16.54±5.01	15.07±15.34	0.02*
	Minimum: 2.05	Minimum: 2.32
	Maximum: 25.1	Maximum: 80.1
	Median: 17.45	Median: 8.7
25(OH)D categorized [n (%)]:
≤10 ng/mL (Deficiency)	6 (10.7)	30 (53.6)	0.001*
11–20 ng/mL (Insuficiency)	38 (67.9)	13 (23.2)
≥20 ng/mL (Optimal)	12 (21.4)	13 (23.2)
1.25(OH)D level (pmol/L)	201.15±50.58	268.31±219.26	0.98
	Minimum: 52.7	Minimum: 51.7
	Maximum: 285	Maximum: 884.2
	Median: 221.5	Median: 182
1.25(OH)D categorized [n (%)]:
≤48 pmol/L (Deficiency)	0 (0)	0 (0)	–
>48 pmol/L (Normal)	56 (100)	56 (100)

Notes: Analysis comparing 25(OH)D and 1.25(OH)D serum-saliva level: Mann-Whitney Test. Analysis comparing 25(OH)D and 1.25(OH)D serum-saliva categorized: Chi-Square. *Significant: p<0.005. Numeric data were presented in mean and standard deviation (SD). Categorical data were presented in number of the subject and percentage.

Table 5 Correlation Between Vitamin D Saliva and Serum Level

Variable	25(OH)D Level (ng/mL) in Serum	1.25(OH)D Level (pmol/L) in Serum
25(OH)D level (ng/mL) in saliva	r = 0.424 (positive-moderate)
	p = 0.001*
	n = 56
1.25(OH)D (pmol/L) in saliva		r=0.339 (positive-weak)
		p = 0.01*
		n = 56

Notes: Analysis for correlation was using Spearman test (not normal distribution). *Significant: p<0.005.

Figure 1 Scatter-plot showed correlation between 25(OH)D saliva and serum.

Figure 2 Scatter-plot showed correlation between 1.25(OH)D saliva and serum.