Functional Health Literacy in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: Cross-Sectional Study in Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Sample Characteristics

Variables	Category	Frequency (n = 408)	Percentage (%)
Age	18–33	79	19.3
	34–49	118	28.8
	50–65	156	38.0
	> 65 years	57	13.9
Sex	Male	212	51.7
	Female	198	48.3
Marital status	Single	58	14.1
	Married	302	73.7
	Divorced	24	5.9
	Widowed	26	6.3
Educational status	Illiterate	153	37.3
	Grades 1–8	124	30.2
	Grades 9–12	76	18.5
	College and above	57	13.9
Occupational status	Unemployed	9	2.2
	House wife	110	26.8
	Government employee	101	24.6
	Own business	45	11.0
	Private employee	28	6.8
	Farmer	117	28.5
Monthly household income (1 USD = 40.42 ETB)	<12.37 USD	85	20.7
	12.37–24.74 USD	73	17.8
	>24.74 USD	252	61.5
Residence	Rural	221	53.9
	Urban	189	46.1
Presence of co-morbidity	One	343	83.7
	Two or more	67	16.3
Complication/s from CVD (stroke, angina, pulmonary edema)	Yes	301	73.4
	No	109	26.6

Table 2 Functional Health Literacy Level

FHL Domain	Mean (±SD)	FHLL
		High FHLL	Low FHLL
Having sufficient information	2.55 (0.86)	203 (49.5%)	207 (50.5%)
Finding health information	2.73 (1.17)	189 (46.1%)	221 (53.9%)
Understanding health information	3.3 (1.2)	227 (55.4%)	183 (44.6%)

Table 3 Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Associated with FHL Domains

Functional Health Literacy Domains
		HIS		FHI		UHI
Variables	Category	AOR (95% CI)	p-value	AOR (95% CI)	p-value	AOR (95% CI)	p-value
Age	18–33	1		1		1
	34–49	0.99 (0.49–2)	0.307	0.94 (0.44–2)	0.316	1.32 (0.47–3.7)	0.2007
	50–65	1 (0.5–2.02)	0.463	0.85 (0.4–1.83)	0.417	1.35 (0.48–3.76)	0. 408
	>65	0.7 (0.29–1.67)	0.928	0.73 (0.28–1.9)	0.988	1.89 (0.55–6.51)	0. 206
Sex	Male	1		1		1
	Female	0.65 (0.43–0.98)	0.006**	0.83 (0.45–1.53)	0.483	1.11 (0.49–2.52)	0.712
Educational status	Illiterate	1		1		1
	Grades 1–8	2.1 (1.27–3.46)	0.002**	2.6 (1.52–4.49)	0.002**	3 (1.7–5.1)	0.002**
	Grades 9–12	2.81 (1.42–5.54)	0.008**	3.26 (1.72–6.17)	0.003**	3.8 (1.7–4.1)	0.004**
	College and above	2.92 (1.62–5.27)	0.007**	8 (6.65–24)	0.000**	4.5 (2.6–6.4)	0.000**
Residence	Rural	1		1		1
	Urban	1.22 (0.73–2.02)	0.886	0.88 (0.51–1.52)	0.269	1.01 (0.48–2.1)	0.869
Household monthly income (1 USD = 40.42 ETB)	<12.37 USD	1		1		1
	12.37–24.74 USD	1.49 (1.25–3.96)	0.003**	1.57 (0127–3.24)	0.041*	2.9 (1.4–5.4)**	0.008
	>24.74 USD	2.93 (1.53–3.62)	0.004**	1.98 (1.12–3.51)	0.012*	3.3 (1.38–7.8)*	0.017
Presence of co-morbidity	One	1		1		1
	Two or more	1.15 (0.65–2.05)	0.342	0.69 (0.37–1.3)	0.104	1.23 (0.54–2.82)	0.218
Complications from CVD (stroke, angina, pulmonary edema)	No	1		1		1
	Yes	0.83 (0.52–1.34)	0.231	0.85 (0.11–0.97)	0.045*	1.22 (0.61–2.44)	0.653

Notes: *Statistically significant association at p-value <0.01; **statistically significant association at p-value <0.05; bolded p-value indicates statistically significant association; 1 – reference category.

Abbreviations: HIS, having sufficient information; FHI, finding health information; UHI, understanding health information; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; USD, United States dollar; ETB, Ethiopian birr.