The Magnitude of Failed Induction of Labor and Associated Factors Among Women Delivered at Public Hospitals of Arsi Zone, Southeast Ethiopia, 2020: A Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Sample Size Determination for Associated Factors of Failed Induction of Labor Among Women Delivered at Public Hospitals of Arsi Zone, South East, Ethiopia, 2020

S/ N	Determinants Used to Calculate Sample Size (Variable)	P 1	P2	Sample Size	Power	10% Non-Response Rate	% CI	Total Sample Size
1	Advanced maternal Age (age >30)	33.4	13.6	144	80	14	95	158
2	Poor Bishop score (Bishop ≤ 5)	23.7	6.7	142	80	142.2	95	156
3	PROM (yes)	42	25	244	80	24.4	95	268
4	Greater gestation (yes)	41	11.1	68	80	6.8	95	75

Figure 1 Schematic representation of the sampling techniques on the Magnitude of Failed Induction of Labor and Associated Factors among Women Attending Induction of Labor in Public Hospitals of Arsi Zone, South Ethiopia, 2020.

Table 2 Sociodemographic Characteristics of Women Who Underwent Induction of Labor from March 16 to May 16, 2020, in Public Hospitals of Arsi Zone in AUTRH, Kersa Primary Hospital & Bokoji Primary Hospital

Variable	Frequency n=268	Percentage (%)
Age
≤ 20	28	10.4
21–25	90	33.6
26–30	89	33.2
31–35	52	19.4
≥ 36	9	3.4
Educational status
Unable to read and write	22	8.2
Primary	79	29.5
Secondary	95	35.4
College or above	72	26.9
Religion
Orthodox	116	43.3
Muslim	126	47.0
Protestant	26	9.7
Ethnic group
Oromo	212	79.1
Amhara	45	16.8

Table 3 Obstetric Characteristics of Women Who Underwent Induction of Labor in Public Hospitals of Arsi Zone from March 16 to May 16, 2020 (n=268)

Variable	Frequency (n=268)	Percentage (%)
Gestational age
Pre term	45	16.8
Term	163	60.8
Post-term	60	22.4
Number of Parity
Prime Para	160	59.7
Multipara	108	40.3
Bishop score
≤ 4 is unfavorable	109	30.7
5–8 is intermediate	131	48.9
≥ 9 is favorable	28	10.4
Weight of newborn in gram
< 1500 gm.	10	3.7
1500–2499 gm	40	14.9
2500–3999 gm.	212	79.7
≥ 4000 gm	6	2.2
Sex of the newborn
Male	147	54.9
Female	121	45.1
Membrane status
Rupture	113	42.2
Intact	155	57.8
ANC follow up
Yes	253	94.4
No	15	5.6
Blood pressure at admission
90/60–140/90 mmHg	200	74.6
≥ 140/90 mmHg	68	25.4

Figure 2 Magnitude of failed induction of labor among women who underwent induction of labor from March 16 to May 16, 2020, in Arsi zone public hospital, 2020.

Table 4 Bi-Variable Analysis of Independent Variables Associated Factors for the Failed Induction of Labor Among Women Delivered in the Public Hospitals of the Arsi Zone from March 16 to May 16, 2020 (n=268)

Variables	Failed Induction of Labor (%)		COR (95% CI)	P-value
	Yes	No
Maternal age
≤ 20	4	24	1	1
21–25	9	81	0.667(0.189, 2.357)	0.529
26–30	19	70	1.629(0.504, 5.267)	0.415
31–35	23	29	4.759(1.445, 15.667)	0.01**
≥ 36	2	7	1.714(0.258, 11.401)	0.577
Marital status
Married	56	205	1.639(0.193,13.896)	0.651
Other	1	6	1	1
Education level
Unable to read and write	2	20	2.154(0.451, 10.291)	0.336
Primary	14	65	3.971(0.868, 18.161)	0.075
Secondary	27	68	2.414(0.504, 11.56)	0.27
College and above	14	58	1	1
Monthly income
≤ 1100	12	42	0.933(0.436, 1.997)	0.859
>1100–2344	6	43	0.456(0.446, 1.175)	0.104
>2344–5358	9	28	1.05(0.446, 2.469)	0.911
>5358–1015	30	98	1	1
Maternal residence
Urban	18	118	0.364(0.195,0.677)	< 0.001**
Rural	39	93	1	1
ANC follow up
Yes	54	199	1.085(0.296,3.984)	0.902
No	3	12	1	1
Parity
Prime Para	48	119	1	1
Multi Para	9	92	0.505(0.267,0.956)	0.002**
Gestational age
Pre term	10	39	1	1
Term	36	136	1.032(0.47,2.265)	0.937
Post term	11	36	1.192(0.452,3.14)	0.723
Blood pressure at admission
90/60 - 140/90 mmHg	39	161	0.673(0.354,1.279)	0.227
≥ 140/90 mmHg	18	50	1	1
Sex of neonate
Male	34	113	1.282(0.708,2.323)	0.413
Female	23	98	1	1
Weight of newborn in gram
< 1500 gm	2	8	1	1
1500–2499 gm	7	33	0.848(0.147, 4.888)	0.854
2500–3999 gm.	47	165	1.139(0.234, 5.548)	0.872
≥4000 gm	1	5	0.8(0.057, 11.298)	0.869
PROM
Yes	39	74	4.011(2.145, 7.501)	< 0.001**
No	18	137	1
Indications for induction of labor
Post-term pregnancy	10	36	3.5(1.109, 11.042)	< 0.001**
PIH	4	50	1.008(0.257, 3.952)	0.991
PROM	38	62	7.723(2.852,20.912)	< 0.001**
*Other	5	63	1
Bishop score before induction started
≤ 4 is unfavorable	43	66	7.591(2.304, 12.281)	0.006**
5–8 is intermediate	13	118	2.975(0.373, 23.726)	0.204**
≥ 9 is favorable	1	27	1	1
Methods of Induction of labor
Oxytocin only	16	65	0.753 (0.374,1.518)	0.427
Foley catheter for ripening, then oxytocin	38	121	0.898 (0.313,2.576)	0.842
Misoprostol for ripening, then Oxytocin	38	24	1	1
Time from start of induction to delivery of the baby
Less than 12 hours	54	193	1	<0.001**
12 or more hours	3	18	9.352(5.094, 14.040)	1

Notes: *Oligohydramnios, Congenital anomaly, IUFD, Chorioamnionitis, IUG. **Statistical significant associated with p-value <0.05.

Table 5 Multivariate Analysis of Independent Variables Associated Factors for the Failed Induction of Labor Among Delivered in the Public Hospitals of Arsi Zone from March 16 to May 16, 2020 (n=268)

Variables	Failed Induction of Labor (%)		AOR (95% CI)	P value
	Yes	No
Maternal age
≤ 20	4	24	1	1
21–25	9	81	2.862 (0.464,17.663)	0.257
26–30	19	70	7.071 (1.156,43.268)	0.034
31–35	23	29	8.788 (2.884,12.397)	0.002**
≥ 36	2	7	10.268 (0.615,11.435)	0.105
Maternal residence
Urban	18	118	0.356 (0.143,0.886)	0.026**
Rural	39	93	1	1
Time from start of induction to delivery of the baby
Less than 12 hours	54	193	6.511 (2.477,10.116)	0.000**
12 or more hours	3	18	1	1
Parity
Prime Para	48	119	1	1
Multi Para	9	92	0.390 (0.147,0.632)	0.004**
Bishop score before induction started
≤ 4 is unfavorable	43	66	5.155 (3.062,7.387)	0.000**
5–8 is intermediate	13	118	2.041(1.005,8.346)	0.003**
≥ 9 is favorable	1	27	1	1
Indications for induction of labor
Post term pregnancy	10	36	3.083 (2.960,7.368)	0.032**
PIH	4	50	0.747(0.158,3.528)	0.712
PROM	38	62	4.158 (2.415,9.554)	0.001**
*Other	5	63	1	1

Notes: *Oligohydramnios, Congenital anomaly, IUFD, Chorioamnionitis, IUGR. ** Statistically significantly associated with p-value <0.05.