Sero-Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hepatitis B Virus Among Pregnant Women at North West Ethiopia: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Debre Markos, Ethiopia, January to July 2017

Characteristics	Category	Frequency (%)
Age group	15–24	109 (32.2)
	25–34	197 (58.3)
	35–44	30 (8.9)
	>45	2 (0.6)
Residence	Urban	235 (69.5)
	Rural	103 (30.5)
Marital status	Single	46 (13.6)
	Married	275 (81.4)
	Divorced	9 (2.7)
	Widowed	7 (2.1)
	Separated	1 (0.3)
Educational status	Cannot read and write	70 (20.7)
	Read and write	17 (5.0)
	1–8 Grade	45 (13.3)
	9–12 Grade	101 (29.9)
	College and above	105 (31.1)
Occupation	Farmer	60 (17.8)
	Merchant	75 (22.2)
	Gov. employee	111 (32.8)
	Student	6 (1.8)
	Housewife	72 (21.3)
	NGO	14 (4.5)
Trimester	First	59 (17.5)
	Second	72 (21.3)
	Third	207 (61.2)

Abbreviation: NGO, non-governmental organization.

Table 2 Comparison of Rapid HBsAg Kit Test with ELISA Test Result

Rapid HBsAg Kit Test Result	ELISA Positive	ELISA Negative	Total
Positive	23	3	26
Negative	5	307	312
Total	28	310	338

Table 3 Risk Factors Associated with Sero-Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Among Pregnant Women Attending ANC at the Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Debre Markos, Ethiopia, July 2017

	HBV Status		Binary Regression		Multivariate
Variables	Negative No. (%)	Positive No. (%)	COR (95% CI)	p-value	AOR (95% CI)	p-value
Age group						0.545
15–24	101(92.7%)	8 (7.3%)	0.08(0.05–1.38)	0.083	0.44(0.004–44.5)	0.731
25–34	179(90.9%)	18(9.1%)	0.1(0.01–1.68)	0.110	0.67(0.007–62.9)	0.865
35–44	29(96.7%)	1(3.3%)	0.03(0.0–1.05)	0.053	0.16(0.001–21.7)	0.464
>45	1(50.0%)	1(50.0%)	1
Residence				0.138		0.626
Urban	212(90.2%)	23(9.8%)	2.13(0.78–5.76)		1.36(0.39–4.71)
Rural	98(95.1%)	5(4.9%)	1
Occupation						0.210
Farmer	59(98.3%)	1(1.7%)	0.06(0.01–0.65)	0.021	0.05(0.004–0.59)	0.018
Merchant	69(92.0%)	6(8.0%)	0.32(0.01–1.46)	0.142	0.29(0.05–1.70)	0.173
Gov. employee	100(90.1%)	11(9.9%)	0.40(0.10–1.67)	0.210	0.33(0.06–1.68)	0.182
Student	5(83.3%)	1(16.7%)	0.73(0.06–8.91)	0.808	1.26(0.09–18.3)	0.868
Housewife	66(91.7%)	6(8.3%)	0.33(0.07–1.53)	0.158	0.27(0.05–1.54)	0.143
NGO*	11(78.6%)	3(21.4%)	1
Trimester				0.134		0.241
First	58(98.3)	1(1.7)	0.14(0.02–1.01)	0.062	0.16(0.02–1.34)	0.092
Second	67(93.0)	5(7.0)	0.63(0.23–1.75)	0.366	0.88(0.28–2.75)	0.831
Third	185(89.4)	22(10.6)	1
Abortion History				0.663
Yes	77(90.6)	8(9.4)	1.21(0.51–2.86)
No	233(88.1)	20(11.9)	1
Blood contamination				0.656
Yes	16(88.9)	2(11.1)	1.41(0.31–6.49)
No	294(91.9)	26(8.1)	1
Sharp material injury				0.396
Yes	90(93.7)	6(6.3)	0.67(0.26–1.7)
No	220(90.9)	22(9.1)	1
History of blood transfusion				0.518
Yes	21(95.4)	1(4.6)	0.52(0.07–3.94)
No	289(91.4)	27(8.6)	1
Tattoo				0.001		0.001*
Yes	136(86.1)	22(13.9)	4.69(1.85–11.9)		4.94(1.87–13.0)
No	174(96.7)	6(3.3)
Multi-partner sexual intercourse			≤0.001			0.001*
Yes	52(80.0)	13(20.0)	4.30(1.93–9.57)		4.48(1.89–10.5)
No	258(94.5)	15(5.5)	1
Family hepatitis history				0.001		0.001*
Yes	14(70.0)	6(30.0)	5.77(2.02–16.5)		7.40(2.23–24.5)
No	296(93.1)	22(6.9)	1

Note: *Significantly associated.

Abbreviations: COR, cCrude odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.