Laboratory and Imaging Evaluation of Cardiac Involvement in Patients with Post-Acute COVID-19

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Features Between Two Groups Regarding Age, Weight, and Ejection Fraction

	Asymptomatic	Symptomatic	Test Value	p
Age	38.43±7.21	37.35±7.01	0.742^a	0.453
Gender	15 (30.0)	35 (70.0)	2.653^b	0.103
	25 (45.5)	30 (54.5)
Weight (kilograms)	78.95±3.11	78.72±3.65	0.291^a	0.772
Ejection fraction	57.27±1.67	57.38±1.46		0.726

Notes: ^at-test; ^bChi-squared test.

Table 2 NT-proBNP Levels and Oxidative Stress Markers in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Patients

	Asymptomatic (n = 40) (M±SD)	Symptomatic (n = 65) (M±SD)	t	p
NT-BNP	76.86±16.79	132.30±35.15	−9.327	<0.001
TAS	1.70±0.26	1.60±0.27	1.469	0.147
TOS	4.99±1.44	4.97±1.08	0.071	0.944
OSI	2.94±0.80	3.14±0.70	−1.004	0.320
PON	351.09±197.50	439.79±285.86	−1.266	0.211
TTL	253.76±73.93	257.57±71.94	−0.195	0.846
NTL	187.47±36.32	207.95±49.58	−1.669	0.100
Disulfide	33.59±25.77	24.81±23.79	1.349	0.182
NO	16.15±6.02	9.20±3.08	6.138	<0.001

Abbreviations: NT-BNP, NT-proBNP (pg/mL); TAS, total antioxidant status (mmol Trolox Eq/L); TOS, total oxidant status (mmol H₂O₂ Eq/L); OSI, oxidative stress index (TOS/TAS); PON, Paraoxonase (U/L); TTL, total thiol (µmol/L); NTL, serum native thiol (µmol/L); NO, nitric oxide (µmol/L).

Table 3 Oxidative Stress Markers According to NT-proBNP Levels

	NT-proBNP<125 (n = 69) (M±SD)	NT-proBNP>125 (n = 36) (M±SD)	t	p
TAS	1.64±0.28	1.61±0.24	0.472	0.638
TOS	4.77±1.22	5.28±1.15	−1.645	0.105
OSI	2.93±0.73	3.29±0.70	−1.959	0.055
PON	383.61±212.17	446.45±320.34	−0.916	0.364
TTL	252.55±59.87	261.60±87.73	−0.479	0.634
NTL	195.50±35.38	208.68±58.34	−1.098	0.277
Disulfide	28.92±22.39	26.46±28.13	0.382	0.704
NO	14.13±5.81	8.49±2.84	4.589	<0.001

Abbreviations: NT-BNP, NT-proBNP (pg/mL); TAS, total antioxidant status (mmol Trolox Eq/L); TOS, total oxidant status (mmol H₂O₂ Eq/L); OSI, oxidative stress index (TOS/TAS); PON, Paraoxonase (U/L); TTL, total thiol (µmol/L); NTL, serum native thiol (µmol/L); NO, nitric oxide (µmol/L).

Figure 1 Cardiac magnetic resonance and cardiac PET imaging (same patient). (A) In short axis view, no cardiac involvement on LGE images. (B) Increased 18F-FDG-PET uptake on lateral and inferolateral walls of left ventricle on bulls eye map and on slices (indicating jeopardized area).

Figure 2 Effect of biochemical and imaging tests on possible cardiac involvement of post-acute COVID-19.