Analysis of the Risk Factors for Hypotension in Laparoscopic Hiatal Hernia Repair

Figures & data

Table 1 The Baseline Data of the Two Groups of Patients

Items	Normal Group(n=52)	Hypotension Group(n=62)	P value
Age (year)	55.8±13.9	65.4±11.1	<0.001
Gender, Male (%)	26(50%)	22(35%)	0.12
Height (cm)	164.3±10.4	159.4±9.4	0.008
Weight (kg)	69.3±12.1	64.4±12.0	0.047
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.5±2.8	25.2±3.6	0.74
ASA grade	1.9±0.5	2.0±0.5	0.15
Ejection fraction	(59.7±2.1)%	(57.3±1.8)%	0.16
Maximum length of hernia (cm)	5.6±1.3	5.7±1.5	0.60
Maximum width of hernia (cm)	4.1±1.0	4.3±1.2	0.47
Maximum cross sectional area of hernia (cm^2)	23.7±10.6	26.1±13.7	0.48
Types of hernia [n(%)]			0.99
Type I	12(23.1%)	16(25.8%)
Type II	15(28.8%)	18(29.0%)
Type III	17(32.7%)	19(30.6%)
Type IV	8(15.4%)	9(14.5%)
Preoperative water fasting (hour)	12.1±1.7	11.8±1.6	0.34
Systolic blood pressure	144.0±13.6	153.9±20.1	0.003
Diastolic blood pressure	84.6±9.8	84.5±10.3	0.99
Heart rate	78±13	79±13	0.36
Hypertension[n(%)]	8(15.4%)	20(32.3%)	0.04
Coronary heart disease [n(%)]	3(5.8%)	9(14.5%)	0.13
Diabetes [n(%)]	2(3.8%)	7(11.3%)	0.18
Stroke [n(%)]	5(9.6%)	10(16.1%)	0.31
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [n(%)]	5(9.6%)	7(11.3%)	0.77
Sleep apnea syndrome [n(%)]	3(5.8%)	2(3.2%)	0.66

Table 2 The Intraoperative Conditions of the Two Groups

Items	Normal Group(n=52)	Hypotension Group(n=62)	P value
Types of rehydration			0.18
Voluven	41(78.8%)	42(67.7%)
Ringer’s solution	11(21.2%)	20(32.3%)
Amount of preoperative rehydration (mL)	483±58	490±44	0.53
Operation time (min)	102.1±29.7	109.6±40.0	0.77
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	8±7	8±3	0.21
Intraoperative rehydration (mL)	1203±318	1276±300	0.33
Duration of intraoperative hypotension (min)	0	20±15	<0.001
Application of positive inotropic drugs (n)
Dopamine	1(1.9%)	8(12.9%)	0.04
Metaraminol	1(1.9%)	10(16.1%)	0.01
Norepinephrine	0	14(22.6%)	<0.001
Adrenaline	0	1(1.6%)	1.00
Ephedrine	0	8(12.9%)	0.008

Table 3 The Results of the Regression Analysis

Items	Single Factor Regression Analysis		Multivariate Regression Analysis
	95% CI	P value	95% CI	P value
Age	1.07 (1.03, 1.10)	<0.001	1.05 (1.01, 1.09)	0.01
BMI	0.97 (0.87, 1.09)	0.63
ASA grade	1.78 (0.81, 3.91)	0.15
Maximum cross sectional area of hernia	1.02 (0.99, 1.05)	0.30	1.01 (0.97, 1.04)	0.76
Types of hernia	0.94 (0.65, 1.35)	0.73
Preoperative water fasting	0.91 (0.73, 1.14)	0.42
Systolic blood pressure	1.03 (1.01, 1.06)	0.005	1.02 (0.99, 1.05)	0.16
Diastolic blood pressure	0.99 (0.96, 1.04)	0.95
Heart rate	1.01 (0.98, 1.04)	0.49
Hypertension	2.62 (1.04, 6.59)	0.04	1.68 (0.57, 4.93)	0.35
Coronary heart disease	2.77 (0.71, 10.84)	0.14
Diabetes	3.18 (0.63, 16.04)	0.16
Stroke	1.81 (0.58, 5.67)	0.31
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	1.20 (0.36, 4.02)	0.77
Sleep apnea syndrome	0.54 (0.09, 3.39)	0.52
Operation time	1.01 (0.99, 1.02)	0.27	1.01 (0.99, 1.02)	0.39
Intraoperative blood loss	1.00 (0.93, 1.07)	0.98