Efficacy of a Nasal Spray Containing Iota-Carrageenan in the Postexposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19 in Hospital Personnel Dedicated to Patients Care with COVID-19 Disease

Figures & data

Figure 1 Study flowchart.

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of the Intention-to-Treat Population

	I-C (n= 196)	Placebo (n= 198)	p value
Sex
Female	141 (71.9%)	155 (78.3%)	0.1
Male	55 (28.1%)	43 (21.7%)
Age, years	38.3 (10.1)	38.8 (9.2)	0.8
Ethnic origin
White and latino	196 (100%)	198 (100%)	1.0
Physicians	97 (49.5%)	95 (48.0%)	0.8
Nurses	50 (25.5%)	62 (31.3%)	0.2
Technicians	24 (12.2%)	26 (13.1%)	0.8
Others medical providers	22 (11.2%)	18 (9.1%)	0.5
Co-morbidities
No co-morbidities	157 (80.1%)	147 (74.2%)	0.2
Chronic pulmonary disease	6 (3.0%)	7 (3.5%)	1.0*
High blood pressure	9 (4.6%)	10 (5.1%)	0.8
Obesity	7 (3.6%)	13 (6.6%)	0.2
Severe obesity	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Hypothyroidism	12 (6.1%)	9 (4.5%)	0.5
Smoking	1 (0.5%)	3 (1.5%)	0.6*
Type 2 diabetes mellitus	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)	1.0*
Cancer	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Chronic kidney disease	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Down syndrome	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Heart disease	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Inmunocompro-mised state	0 (0%)	0 (0%)

Notes: Data are n (%), mean (SD). *Fisher´s exact test. Obesity (body mass index of 30 Kg/m² or higher but <40 kg/m²).

Abbreviation: I-C, Iota carrageenan.

Table 2 Findings

	Participants (n=394)	I-C (n=196)	Placebo (n=198)	OR (95% CI)	p value
Primary outcome	12 (3.0%)	2 (1.0%)	10 (5.0%)	0.19 (0.05 to 0.77)	0.03*
Death or hospitalization for any cause	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Symptomatic negative PCR	31/382 (8.1%)	15/197 (7.6%)	16/185 (8.6%)	0.87 (0.42 to 1.8)	0.7
Adverse effects
At least one adverse effect	64 (16.2%)	34 (17.3%)	30 (15.2%)		0.5
Headache	30 (7.6%)	17 (8.7%)	13 (6.6%)		0.4
Rhinorrhea	9 (2.3%)	3 (1.5%)	6 (3.0%)		0.5*
Suspended for intolerance	5 (1.2%)	2 (1.0%)	3 (1.5%)		1.0*

Note: *Fisher´s exact test.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; I-C, Iota-carrageenan; OR, odds ratio; PCR, reverse-transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction testing.

Figure 2 Kaplan-Meier survival plot of COVID-19 disease in the trial participants.