Incidence of and Risk Factors for Postoperative Hyphema After 23-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Data and Preoperative Characteristics of PDR Patients for PPV

	Hyphema (+) n=18	Hyphema (-) n=106	P value
No. of eyes	18	137
Sex
Male	10	60	1
Female	8	46
Age
<40	1	16	0.191
40–60	12	58
>60	5	32
Duration of DM	12.4±10.6	10.7±6.6	0.699
Hypertension	9	42	0.276
Oral anticoagulants	1	5	0.572
Preoperative IOP (mmHG)	16.6±3.6	16.0±2.9	0.431
PRP	2	21	0.489
Indications of the surgery
VH	12	104	1
Recurrent VH	0	6	0.798
Massive preretinal hemorrhage	0	2	0.067
FVP	8	42	0.286
TRD	6	19	0.16
TRD/RRD	0	11	0.649

Note: P value was obtained by Chi-square test or Fisher exact test or t-test.

Abbreviations: DM, diabetes mellitus; IOP, intraocular pressure; PRP, panretinal photocoagulation; VH, vitreous hemorrhage; FVP, fibrovascular proliferation; TRD, tractional retinal detachment; TRD/RRD, tractional-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Table 2 Surgical Procedures of PDR Patients for PPV

	Hyphema (+) n=18(Eyes)	Hyphema (-) N=137(Eyes)	P value
Anesthesia
General anesthesia	0	1(0.7%)	1
Local retrobulbar anesthesia	18(100%)	136(99.3%)
IVR pretreatment	7(38.9%)	72(52.6%)	0.401
Endodiathermy	5(27.8%)	35(25.5%)	0.584
Membrane removal	15(83.3%)	72(52.6%)	0.021
Method of removing membrane
No membrane removal	3(16.7%)	65(47.4%)	1
Unimanual	10(55.6%)	49(35.8%)
Bimanual	5(27.8%)	23(16.8%)
Iatrogenic tears	5(27.8%)	22(16.1%)	0.082
Fluid-air exchange	18(100%)	114(83.2%)	0.076
Tamponade procedure
No tamponade	0	23(16.8%)	-
Air tamponade	0	44(32.1%)
SO tamponade	18(100%)	70(51.1%)
Postoperative head position
Prone	18(100%)	114(83.2%)	0.076
Not prone	0	23(16.8%)
Surgical time (min)	80±15	65±20	<0.001

Note: P value was obtained by Chi-square test or Fisher exact test or t-test.

Abbreviations: IVR, intravitreal ranibizumab; SO, silicone oil.

Table 3 Characteristics of Eyes with Postoperative Hyphema After Surgery

Patient	Age/Sex	DM/Year	Hypertension/Years	Oral Anti-Coagulant/Anti-Platelet	Indication of Surgery	Preoperative IVR	Postop Lens Status	Membrane Removal	Endodiathermy	Tamponade	Onset/Grade	Postoperative Hypertension	Additional Intervention	Absorption Time
1	50/M	Yes/10	Yes/2	No	VH, FVP	No	Phakia	Yes	No	SO	1 d grade 1	Yes	—	3 d
2	45/M	Yes/1	No	No	VH, FVP	No	Phakia	Yes	Yes	SO	1d rade 2	Yes	ACP	7 d
3	64/M	Yes/9	Yes/3	No	FVP	No	Phakia	Yes	No	SO	20d grade 2	Yes	ACI	14 d
4	45/M	Yes/8	Yes/0.5	No	VH, FVP	No	Phakia	Yes	No	SO	1d grade 3	Yes	ACI	30 d
5	39/M	Yes/1	No	No	VH, FVP	No	Phakia	Yes	No	SO	1 d grade 1	Yes	—	8 d
6	74/M	Yes/30	Yes/4	No	VH, FVP	No	Phakia	Yes	No	SO	1 d grade 3	Yes	ACI, IVR	30 d
7	50/M	Yes/13	No	No	VH	No	Phakia	No	No	SO	8 d grade 1	Yes	ACP
8	40/M	Yes/5	Yes/1	No	VH	Yes	Phakia	No	Yes	SO	9 d grade 1	Yes	ACP
9	56/M	Yes/20	Yes/10	No	VH	Yes	Phakia	Yes	No	SO	7 d grade 1	Yes	ACP
10	49/M	Yes/10	No	No	FVP	Yes	Pseudophakia	Yes	Yes	SO	1 d grade 1	Yes	ACP
11	62/F	Yes/25	No	No	TRD	Yes	Phakia	Yes	No	SO	1 d grade 1	Yes	—
12	59/F	Yes/15	No	No	TRD	No	Aphakia	Yes	Yes	SO	1 d grade 1	Yes	—
13	38/F	Yes/1	No	No	VH, TRD	Yes	Aphakia	No	No	SO	1 d grade 1	Yes	ACP
14	46/F	Yes/1	Yes/3	No	VH, TRD	No	Phakia	Yes	Yes	SO	1 d grade 1	No	—
15	58/F	Yes/10	No	No	VH, FVP	No	Phakia	Yes	No	SO	1 d grade 1	No	—	7 d
16	58/F	Yes/10	No	No	TRD	Yes	Phakia	Yes	No	SO	1 d grade 1	No	—	7 d
17	68/F	Yes/40	Yes/8	Yes	TRD	Yes	Phakia	Yes	No	SO	1 d grade 3	Yes	ACI	30 d
18	61/F	Yes/14	Yes/14	No	VH	No	Phakia	Yes	No	SO	1 d grade 3	Yes	ACP and ACI	30 d

Abbreviations: M, male; DM, diabetes mellitus; IVR, intravitreal ranibizumab; VH, vitreous hemorrhage; FVP, fibrovascular proliferation; F, female; TRD, tractional retinal detachment; SO, silicone oil; ACP, anterior chamber paracentesis; ACI, anterior chamber irrigation.