Heart Model ^A.I. Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Evaluation of Left Ventricular Function and Parameter Setting

Figures & data

Figure 1 Different parameter settings of HM 3DE to evaluate left ventricular function. Left: ED and ES = 40 and 20, right: ED and ES = 100 and 50. Arrows: different ED and ES settings to trace the endocardium of the LV.

Abbreviations: LV, left ventricle; LA, left atrium.

Figure 2 Conventional 3DE to evaluate left ventricular function. Left: 3D trace of the endocardium of the left ventricle, and right: 3D trace of the endocardium of the left atrium.

Table 1 Baseline Demographic Characteristics

Characteristic	Value
Age (years)	45.91±13.83
Female gender, n (%)	60(53.10%)
Height (cm)	165.17±15.42
Weight (kg)	62.37±13.55
Heart Rate(beats/min)	67.56±8.31
BMI (kg/m^2)	21.25±3.19
Systolic blood pressure(mmHg)	115.24±16.71
Diastolic blood pressure(mmHg)	80.5±10.97

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.

Table 2 Comparison of HM Different Border Settings and 3D of Left Ventricular Systolic Function

		Left Ventricular Systolic Function			Bias			r
		EDV(mL)	ESV(mL)	LVEF(%)	EDV(mL)	ESV(mL)	LVEF(%)	EDV	ESV	LVEF
HM	40/20	88.56±29.95	31.25±14.69	65.25±7.13	19.62	8.67	−3.00	0.75	0.85	0.91
	60/30	101.65±32.45	35.12±15.75	66.05±6.54	32.42	12.50	−2.19	0.73	0.84	0.90
	60/50	101.65±32.69	43.65±18.27	57.49±6.80	32.42	21.07	−10.76	0.73	0.81	0.87
	70/30	108.45±34.18	35.07±15.75	68.36±6.14*	39.51	12.50	0.12	0.73	0.84	0.92
	70/40	108.45±34.18	39.07±16.97	64.61±6.27	39.51	16.50	−3.64	0.73	0.82	0.92
	74/68	111.40±34.84	52.58±20.91	53.40±6.73	42.46	30.00	−14.85	0.72	0.77	0.82
	80/40	115.02±32.86	39.07±16.97	66.89±5.93	46.08	16.50	−1.36	0.71	0.82	0.91
	90/50	123.64±37.48	43.54±18.27	65.35±5.85	54.70	20.96	−2.89	0.70	0.81	0.90
	100/50	130.16±35.09	43.54±18.27	67.55±5.60	61.22	20.96	−0.70	0.58	0.81	0.90
3D		68.94±22.40	22.58±11.14	68.25±7.95

Note: *P> 0.05 compared with HM and 3D.

Abbreviations: EDV, end-diastolic volume; ESV, end-systolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; HM, heart model; 3D, 3-dimensional.

Figure 3 Correlation analysis of different HM border settings and the conventional 3DE assessment of the left ventricular ejection fraction.

Abbreviations: HM 3DE, HeartModel ^A.I 3DE; 3DE, conventional 3DE.

Figure 4 Up: Different parameter settings of HM to evaluate LVEF compared with conventional 3DE. Down: Different parameter settings of HM to evaluate EDV (mean) compared with conventional 3DE.

Abbreviations: LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; EDV, end-diastolic volume; HM, HeartModel ^A.I.; 3D, three-dimensional; HM 3DE, HeartModel ^A.I 3DE; 3DE, conventional 3DE.

Figure 5 Left: Comparison of the agreement of LVEF between different HM border settings and conventional 3DE. ED and ES = 70 and 30 was much better than ED and ES = 74 and 68. Right: Comparison of the agreement of EDV between different HM border settings and conventional 3DE. ED and ES = 40 and 20 was much better than ED and ES = 100 and 50.

Abbreviations: LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; EDV, end-diastolic volume; HM, HeartModel ^A.I.; 3D, three-dimensional; HM 3DE, HeartModel ^A.I 3DE; 3DE, conventional 3DE.

Figure 6 Agreement analysis of different HM border settings and conventional 3DE assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction.

Abbreviations: HM 3DE, HeartModel ^A.I 3DE; 3DE, conventional 3DE.

Table 3 Comparison of HM and 3D of LAVmax

	LAVMAX(mL)	Bias	r
HM	53.86±22.48	17.61	0.70
3D	36.25±15.06

Abbreviations: HM, heart model; 3D, 3-dimensional; LAV_MAX, maximal left atrium volume.

Table 4 Reproducibility (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, ICC)

	Inter-Observer		Intra-Observer		Test-Retest
	3D	HM	3D	HM	3D	HM
LVEDV	0.79	1.00	0.82	1.00	0.80	0.95
LVESV	0.80	1.00	0.86	1.00	0.83	0.96
LVEF	0.82	1.00	0.85	1.00	0.83	0.98
LAVMAX	0.80	1.00	0.82	1.00	0.80	0.97

Table 5 Comparison of HM and 3D Assessment of Time

	3D(sec)	HM(sec)
LVEF	50.16±8.51	22.37±2.65*
LAVMAX	30.47±7.22	22.37±2.65*

Note: *P<0.05 compared with HM and 3D.

Abbreviations: LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LAV_MAX, maximal left atrium volume; HM, Heart model; 3D, 3-dimensional.