Adverse Perinatal Outcomes Among Grand Multiparous and Low Multiparous Women and Its Associated Factors in North Shewa Zone Public Hospitals: The Role of Parity

Figures & data

Table 1 Bivariable and Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis of Variables with Adverse Perinatal Outcome in North Shewa Zone Public Hospitals, 2021

Variables	Adverse Perinatal Outcome		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
	Yes	No
Age
20–34 years	44 (11.7)	332 (88.3)	1	1
<20 years	2 (16.7)	10 (83.3)	1.51 (0.32–7.11)	0.26 (0.04–1.87)
≥35 years	30 (19.7)	122 (80.3)	1.85 (1.12–3.08)	2.61 (1.23–5.53)*
Residence
Rural	50 (26.6)	138 (73.4)	4.54 (2.72–7.60)	8.31 (3.05–22.6)*
Urban	26 (7.4)	326 (26.6)	1	1
Mother’s education
No formal education	34 (19.8)	138 (80.2)	3.86 (1.93–7.73)	0.44 (0.09–2.09)
Primary	20 (22.2)	70 (77.8)	4.48 (2.08–9.63)	0.65 (0.14–2.97)
Secondary	10 (12.8)	68 (87.2)	2.30 (0.95–5.58)	0.66 (0.17–2.53)
Higher education	12 (6.0)	188 (94.0)	1	1
Mother’s Occupation
Housewife	50 (18.4)	222 (81.6)	1.24 (0.70–2.18)	0.97 (0.31–3.05)
Gov’t employee	6 (4.3)	132 (95.7)	0.25 (0.09–0.64)	0.19 (0.05–0.69)*
Self-employed	20 (15.4)	110 (84.6)	1	1
Husband occupation
Farmer	44 (20.6)	170 (79.4)	1.69 (0.93–3.08)	0.48 (0.14–1.67)
Gov’t employee	12 (6.9)	162 (93.1)	0.48 (0.23–1.05)	1.01 (0.36–2.87)
Self-employed	18 (13.2)	118 (86.8)	1	1
Age at marriage
<18 years	26 (21.7)	94 (78.3)	2.05 (1.21–3.46)	1.02 (0.42–2.48)
≥18 years	50 (11.9)	370 (88.1)	1	1
Income (ETB)
Lower tertile	54 (24.3)	168 (75.7)	3.86 (1.98–7.49)	1.43 (0.47–4.37)
Middle tertile	10 (6.2)	152 (93.8)	0.78 (0.33–1.88)	0.58 (0.20–1.68)
Higher tertile	12 (7.7)	144 (92.3)	1	1
Interpregnancy interval
<24 months	2 (6.7)	28 (93.3)	0.42 (0.09–1.80)	0.26 (0.05–1.42)
≥24 months	74 (14.5)	436 (85.5)	1	1
Distance of health institutions
<15 minutes	20 (13.2)	132 (86.8)	1	1
15–30 minutes	12 (7.3)	152 (92.7)	0.52 (0.25–1.11)	1.38 (0.14–1.99)
>30 minutes	44 (19.6)	180 (80.4)	1.61 (0.91–2.86)	1.18 (0.06–2.55)
ANC visit
Yes	60 (11.9)	444 (88.1)	1	1
No	16 (44.4)	20 (55.6)	5.92 (2.91–12.1)	9.76 (3.03–31.5)*
Previous pregnancy complications
Yes	50 (21.0)	188 (79.0)	2.82 (1.69–4.69)	3.10 (1.63–5.90)*
No	26 (8.6)	276 (91.4)	1	1
Place of delivery (previous birth)
Home	14 (25.0)	42 (75.0)	2.27 (1.17–4.39)	0.69 (0.22–2.23)
Health institution	62 (12.8)	422 (87.2)	1	1
Postpartum counselling
Yes	50 (11.3)	394 (88.7)	1	1
No	26 (27.1)	70 (72.9)	2.93 (1.71–5.01)	1.79 (0.79–4.08)
Contraception use
Yes	48 (12.0)	352 (88.0)	1	1
No	28 (20.0)	112 (80.0)	1.83 (1.09–3.06)	1.07 (0.51–2.26)
Mistimed/ unplanned pregnancy
Yes	14 (26.9)	38 (73.1)	2.53 (1.29–4.94)	2.56 (0.93–7.07)
No	62 (12.7)	426 (87.3)	1	1
Alcohol consumption
Yes	2 (3.8)	50 (96.2)	0.22 (0.05–0.94)	2.14 (0.23–4.76)
No	74 (15.2)	414 (84.8)	1	1
Newborn sex
Male	46 (15.9)	244 (84.1)	1.38 (0.84–2.26)	1.32 (0.71–2.49)
Female	30 (12.0)	220 (88.0)	1	1
Parity
Low multiparous	46 (12.8)	314 (87.2)	1	1
Grand multiparous	30 (16.7)	150 (83.3)	1.36 (0.83–2.25)	0.72 (0.34–1.49)

Note: *Statistically significant at p-value <0.05.

Abbreviation: ANC, antenatal care.

Figure 1 Adverse perinatal outcome in low multiparous and grand multiparous women who gave birth in North Shewa Zone Public Hospitals, 2021.