Awareness of Preconception Care and Its Related Factors Among Women of Childbearing Age with Type 1 Diabetes in the South of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic Characteristics of the Study Participants (Saudi Females of Childbearing Age with T1DM)

		Number	%
Marital Status	Married	74	39.8
	Single	108	58.1
	Divorced	4	2.2
Living Alone	Yes	9	4.8
	No	177	95.2
Income	Low	34	18.4
	Moderate	137	74.1
	High	14	7.6
Education Level	Primary and less	11	5.9
	Secondary and intermediate	35	18.9
	University and above	139	75.1
Insulin Planning	Insulin pump	46	25.8
	Insulin injection	132	74.2
Duration of DM (Mean±SD)		13.59	9.75
	< 5 y	28	15.9
	5–10 y	51	29.0
	> 10 y	97	55.1
A1C (Mean±SD)		7.86	2.07
	< 7	65	36.7
	≥ 7	112	63.3

Table 2 Mean and Standard Deviation for the Items on the Questionnaire and Percentages of Correct Answers of Preconception Care Awareness for Females of Childbearing Age with T1DM

Items	Mean	SD	Median	Number	%
Do you think that patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes can get pregnant?	0.63	0.48	1.00	118	63.1
If you feel unable to get pregnant, what is the reason?	0.26	0.44	0.00	48	25.7
How much glycated hemoglobin do you think can be pregnant before pregnancy?	0.72	0.45	1.00	134	71.7
Do you know the multivitamin supplements that need to be supplemented with folic acid before pregnancy?	0.49	0.50	0.00	91	48.7
Do you think that it is necessary to strengthen blood glucose monitoring during pregnancy?	0.91	0.28	1.00	171	91.4
Do you think that blood glucose monitoring during pregnancy must cover every meal?	0.85	0.36	1.00	159	85.0
Do you feel that blood and urine ketones must be monitored during pregnancy?	0.79	0.41	1.00	148	79.1
Do you think that it is necessary to control weight gain during pregnancy to avoid gaining too fast?	0.80	0.40	1.00	150	80.2
Do you think that you need to plan your childbirth in advance during the third trimester?	0.56	0.50	1.00	105	56.1
Do you think that it is necessary to have a diabetic fundus examination before pregnancy?	0.34	0.47	0.00	63	33.7
Do you think that it is necessary to screen for diabetic kidney complications before pregnancy?	0.78	0.42	1.00	145	77.5
Without contraindications, 30 minutes of low to moderate exercise per day are required.	0.81	0.39	1.00	152	81.3
Do you think that a thyroid function test is needed before pregnancy?	0.76	0.43	1.00	143	76.5
Total Score (out of 13)	8.70	3.02	10.00	187	66.9%

Table 3 Mean Total Scores of Preconception Management Awareness by Characteristics of the Patients

		Mean	SD	P value
Marital Status	Married	8.50	3.23	0.178
	Single	8.82	2.76
	Divorced	11.25	1.50
Living Alone	Yes	10.11	2.80	0.157
	No	8.68	2.95
Income	Low	7.85	3.12	0.150
	Moderate	8.89	2.97
	High	9.21	1.76
Education Level	Primary and less	7.36	3.85	0.001*
	Secondary and intermediate	7.40	3.08
	University and above	9.26	2.62
Insulin Planning	Insulin pump	8.50	3.71	0.686
	Insulin injection	8.74	2.75
Duration of DM	< 5 y	8.36	3.70	0.072
	5–10 y	9.65	2.02
	> 10 y	8.64	2.93
A1C	< 7	9.57	2.47	0.014*
	≥ 7	8.47	3.02

Note: *Significant p-value.

Table 4 Univariate Logistic Regression for Low Awareness of Preconception Management and Related Factors

		Odds Ratio	95% CI		p-value
			Lower	Upper
Marital Status	Married**	1.00			0.584
	Single	0.85	0.47	1.53
Living Alone	Yes	0.30	0.06	1.46	0.135
	No**	1.00
Income	Low	0.79	0.22	2.88	0.725
	Moderate	0.43	0.14	1.36	0.151
	High**	1.00
Education Level	Primary and less	2.59	0.73	9.28	0.143
	Secondary and intermediate	3.71	1.65	8.31	0.001*
	University and above**	1.00
Insulin Planning	Insulin pump	0.79	0.40	1.56	0.501
	Insulin injection**	1.00
Duration of DM	< 5 y	0.68	0.29	1.58	0.366
	5–10 y	0.49	0.24	0.99	0.0467*
	> 10 y**	1.00
A1C	< 7**	1.00			0.027*
	≥ 7	2.03	1.08	3.81

Notes: *Significant p-value. **Used as a reference.