Pattern and Trends in Adult Hospitalization/Admission and Mortality Among Medical Ward Inpatients at Gadarif Hospital in Eastern Sudan: A Four-Year Retrospective Study

Figures & data

Table 1 In Patient Characteristics of the Adult in-Patients (Number=7230) at Gadarif Hospital During 2017–2020 in Eastern Sudan

Characteristic		Overall (n=7230,100%)	2017 (n=2104, 29.1%)	2018 (n=1999, 27.6%)	2019 (n=1666, 23.0%)	2020 (n=1461, 20.2%)	P value
The median (interquartile) of
Age, years		47.0 (35.0)	48.5 (35.0)	48.0 (35.0)	45.0 (36.0)	47 (35.5)	<0.001
Frequency (proportions)
Sex	Male	5009 (69.3)	1388 (66.0)	1366 (68.3)	1187 (71.2)	1068 (73.1)	<0.001
	Female	2221 (34.7)	716 (34.0)	633 (31.7)	479 (28.2)	393 (26.9)
Type of the diseases	Communicable	3167 (43.8)	934 (44.4)	840 (42.0)	740 (44.4)	653 (44.7)	0.308
	Non-communicable	4063 (56.2)	1170 (55.6)	1159 (58.0)	926 (55.6)	808 (55.3)
Death	No	6556 (90.7)	1905 (90.5)	1812 (90.6)	1511 (90.7)	1328 (90.9)	0.994
	Yes	674 (9.3)	199 (9.5)	187 (9.4)	155 (9.3)	133(9.1)

Table 2 Frequency (Proportions) of the Pattern of Admission of the Communicable and Non-Communicable Disease During 2017–2020 in Gadarif Hospital in Eastern Sudan

Disease	Total (n=7230)	2017 (n=2104)	2018 (n=1999)	2019 (n=1666)	2020 (n=1461)	P
Communicable diseases
Visceral leishmaniasis	867 (12.0)	246 (11.7)	213 (10.7)	196 (11.8)	212 (14.5)	0.006
Sepsis	511 (7.1)	142 (6.7)	125 (6.3)	130 (7.8)	114 (7.8)	0.178
Severe malaria	488 (6.7)	124 (5.9)	116 (5.8)	151 (9.1)	97 (6.6)	< 0.001
Gastroenteritis	436 (6.0)	147 (7.0)	120 (6.0)	98 (5.9)	71 (4.9)	0.072
Tuberculosis	416 (5.8)	126 (6.0)	119 (6.0)	78 (4.7)	93 (6.4)	0.179
Severe pneumonia	321 (4.4)	108 (5.1)	91 (4.6)	70 (4.2)	52 (3.6)	0.149
Viral hepatitis	166 (2.3)	42 (2.0)	54 (2.7)	34 (2.0)	36 (2.5)	0.396
Urinary tract infection	147 (2.0)	53 (2.5)	40 (2.0)	30 (1.8)	24 (1.6)	0.254
HIV	111(1.5)	28 (1.3)	31 (1.6)	29 (1.7)	23 (1.6)	0.786
Enteric fever	16 (0.2)	3(0.3)	6 (0.3)	5 (0.3)	2 (0.1)	0.553
Others /combined	147 (2.0)	53 (2.5)	40 (2.0)	30 (1.8)	24 (1.6)	0.254
Non- communicable diseases
Cardiovascular diseases	1331 (18.4)	426 (20.2)	388 (19.4)	272 (16.3)	245 (16.8)	0.004
Snake bite	932 (12.9)	230 (10.9)	176 (8.8)	242 (14.5)	187 (12.8)	0.007
Renal diseases	683 (9.4)	185 (8.8)	119 (6.0)	160 (9.6)	162 (11.1)	0.083
Neurological diseases	655 (9.1)	199 (9.5)	206 (10.3)	125 (7.5)	125 (8.6)	0.023
Diabetes mellitus	526 (7.3)	169 (8.0)	141 (7.1)	121 (7.3)	95(6.5)	0.358
Liver diseases	356 (4.9)	87 (4.1)	109 (5.5)	91(5.5)	69 (4.7)	0.161
Malignancy	266 (3.7)	73 (3.5)	273 (13.7)	55 (3.3)	58 (4.0)	0.600
Sickle cell disease	94 (1.3)	29 (1.4)	19 (1.0)	32 (1.9)	14 (1.0)	0.040
Severe asthma	30 (0.4)	15 (0.7)	6 (0.3)	3 (0.2)	6 (0.4)	0.061
Thyroid	22 (0.3)	10 (0.5)	9 (0.5)	0 (0.0)	3 (0.2)	0.029
Others /combined	511 (7.1)	142 (6.7)	125 (6.3)	130 (7.8)	114 (7.8)	0.178

Figure 1 Frequency (proportions) of the pattern of admission of communicable and non-communicable diseases from 2017–2020 in Gadarif Hospital in Eastern Sudan.

Table 3 Frequency (Proportions) of the Pattern of Mortality of the Communicable and Non-Communicable Disease During 2017–2020 in Gadarif Hospital Eastern Sudan

Disease	Total (n=674)	2017 (n=199)	2018 (n=187)	2019 (n=155)	2020 (n=133)	P
Communicable diseases
Sepsis	107 (15.9)	30 (15.1)	28 (15.0)	27 (17.4)	22 (16.5)	0.912
Tuberculosis	51 (7.6)	15 (7.5)	19(10.2)	11 (7.1)	6 (4.5)	0.305
Severe pneumonia	49 (7.3)	15 (7.5)	14 (7.5)	11 (7.1)	9 (6.8)	0.993
Visceral leishmaniasis	40 (5.9)	14 (7.0)	8 (4.3)	7 (4.5)	11 (8.3)	0.360
Gastroenteritis	28 (4.2)	10 (5.0)	9 (4.8)	6 (3.9)	3 (2.3)	0.611
Severe malaria	20 (3.0)	2 (1.0)	5 (2.7)	5 (5.2)	5 (3.8)	0.133
Viral hepatitis	17 (2.5)	3 (1.5)	2 (1.1)	8 (5.2)	4 (3.0)	0.073
Urinary tract infection	15 (2.2)	4 (2.0)	7 (3.7)	4 (2.6)	0 (0.0)	0.162
HIV/AIDs	13 (1.9)	6 (3.0)	3 (1.6)	3 (1.9)	1 (0.8)	0.509
Enteric fever	1 (0.1)	0 (0.0)	1 (0.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.456
Others /combined	15 (2.2)	4 (2.0)	7 (3.7)	4 (2.6)	0 (0.0)	0.162
Non- communicable diseases
Cardiovascular diseases	150 (22.3)	47 (23.6)	36 (19.3)	31 (20.0)	36 (27.1)	0.331
Neurological diseases	114 (16.9)	32 (16.1)	36 (19.3)	19 (12.3)	27 (20.3)	0.231
Renal diseases	94 (13.9)	32 (16.1)	19 (10.2)	23 (14.8)	20 (15.0)	0.358
Snake bite	56 (8.3)	18 (9.0)	21 (11.2)	11 (7.1)	6 (4.5)	0.168
Malignancy	55 (8.2)	20 (10.1)	10 (5.3)	13 (8.4)	12 (9.0)	0.382
Diabetes mellitus	53 (7.9)	10 (5.0)	15 (8.0)	13 (8.4)	15 (11.3)	0.220
Liver diseases	49 (7.3)	12 (6.0)	7 (3.7)	21 (13.5)	9(6.8)	0.005
Asthma	5 (0.7)	5 (2.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.007
Sickle cell disease	3 (0.4)	0 (0.0)	1 (0.5)	2 (1.3)	0 (0.0)	0.260
Thyroid	1 (0.1)	1 (0.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.495
Others /combined	49 (7.3)	12 (6.0)	7 (3.7)	21 (13.5)	9(6.8)	0.005

Table 4 The Case Fatality Rate of the Communicable and Non-Communicable Disease During 2017–2020 in Gadarif Hospital Eastern Sudan

Disease	Frequency of the Admitted Patients	Frequency of the Patients Died	Case Fatality Rate
Communicable diseases
Sepsis	511	107	20.9
Severe pneumonia	321	49	15.3
Tuberculosis	416	51	12.3
HIV/AIDs	111	13	11.7
Viral hepatitis	166	17	10.2
Urinary tract infection	147	15	10.2
Gastroenteritis	436	28	6.4
Enteric fever	16	1	6.3
Visceral leishmaniasis	867	40	4.6
Severe malaria	488	20	4.1
Others /combined	27	2	7.4
Non- communicable diseases
Malignancy	266	55	20.7
Neurological diseases	655	114	17.4
Severe asthma	20	5	16.7
Renal diseases	683	94	13.8
Liver diseases	356	49	13.8
Cardiovascular diseases	1331	150	11.3
Diabetes mellitus	526	53	10.1
Snake bite	932	56	6.0
Thyroid disease	22	1	4.5
Sickle cell disease	94	3	3.2
Others /combined	24	2	8.3

Figure 2 Frequency (proportions) of the pattern of mortality of communicable and non-communicable diseases from 2017–2020 in Gadarif Hospital in Eastern Sudan.

Figure 3 The case fatality rate of communicable and non-communicable diseases from 2017–2020 in Gadarif Hospital in Eastern Sudan.

Table 5 Cox Regression (Adjusted and Non-Adjusted) Analysis for Factors Determining the In-Patient Mortality During 2017–2020 in Gadarif Hospital Eastern Sudan

Characteristics		Deaths (Number = 674)		No Deaths (Number = 6556)		Univariate		Adjusted
		Frequency	Proportion	Frequency	Proportion	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P
Age*		60.0	33.0	45.0	33.0	1.16 (1.13‒1.20)	<0.001	1.02 (1.01‒1.03)	<0.001
Sex	Female	235	34.9	1986	30.3	1.20 (1.02‒1.41)	0.021	1.13 (0.96‒1.33)	0.124
	Male	439	65.1	4570	69.7	Reference		Reference
Sepsis	No	567	84.1	6152	93.8	Reference		Reference	<0.001
	Yes	107	15.9	404	6.2	2.82 (2.29‒3.47)	<0.001	1.41(1.93‒3.01)
Tuberculosis	No	623	92.4	6191	94.4	Reference		Reference	0.003
	Yes	51	7.6	365	5.6	1.24 (0.93‒1.65)	0.137	1.56 (1.16‒2.10)
Severe pneumonia	No	625	92.7	6284	95.9	Reference		Reference	0.002
	Yes	49	7.3	272	4.1	1.93 (1.44‒2.59)	<0.001	1.59 (1.18‒2.13)
Visceral leishmaniasis	Yes	40	5.8	827	12.6	0.14 (0.10‒0.19)	<0.001	0.24 (17‒0.35)	0.022
	No	634	94.1	5729	87.4	Reference		Reference
Cardiovascular diseases	No	524	77.7	5375	82.0	Reference		Reference	0.170
	Yes	150	22.3	1181	18.0	1.46 (1.21‒1.75)	<0.001	1.14 (0.94‒1. 39)
Neurological diseases	No	560	83.1	6015	91.7	Reference		Reference	<0.001
	Yes	114	16.9	541	8.3	2.26 (1.84‒2.76)	<0.001	1.81 (1.46‒2.25)
Renal diseases	No	580	86.1	5967	91.0	Reference		Reference	0.012
	Yes	94	13.9	589	9.0	1.48 (1.18‒1.84)	<0.001	1.33 (1.06‒1.66)
Years	2017	199	9.5	1905	90.5	Reference		Reference
	2018	187	9.4	1812	90.6	1.01(0.82‒1.23)	0.921
	2019	155	9.3	1511	90.7	1.01 (0.82‒1.25)	0.904
	2020	133	9.1	1328	90.9	0.95 (0.76‒1.19)	0.957

Note: *Median (interquartile).