Effect of Perioperative Dexmedetomidine Infusion on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of Patients

Characteristics	Group C (n=60)	Group D (n=60)	P
Age [years, mean (SD)]	72.07±5.880	71.30±6.680	0.506
Gender [Male (%)]	29 (48.3)	31 (51.7)	0.855
Weight [kg, mean (SD)]	68.33±9.038	69.07±12.260	0.710
BMI [kg/m2, mean (SD)]	24.98±2.69	24.85±3.49	0.828
ASA (I, %)	34 (56.7)	28 (46.7)	0.361
Education ≥ 9 years [n (%)]	10 (16.7)	14 (23.3)	0.494
Hypertension [n (%)]	23 (38.3)	19 (31.7)	0.566
Diabetes mellitus [n (%)]	10 (16.7)	7 (11.7)	0.602
Coronary heart disease [n (%)]	13 (21.7)	9 (15)	0.480
Smoker [n (%)]	12 (20)	16 (26.7)	0.518
Heavy drinking [n (%)]	10 (16.7)	12 (20)	0.814

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; C, control; D, dexmedetomidine.

Figure 1 Flow diagram of the study.

Table 2 VAS Scores, the Numbers of Analgesic Pump Compression, Flurbiprofen Axetil Consumption and RCSQ Between Two Groups

		Group D (n=60)	Group C (n=60)	P value
VAS rest	6 hrs	2.0±0.6	2.5±0.7	<0.001
	12 hrs	1.5±0.5	1.8±0.6	0.001
	24 hrs	1.2±0.4	1.5±0.5	0.001
VAS moving	6 hrs	2.5±0.5	2.8±0.4	0.002
	12 hrs	1.9±0.5	2.1±0.5	0.039
	24 hrs	1.3±0.5	1.6±0.5	0.013
Numbers of compression		30.6±9.1	33.9±10.9	0.074
Flurbiprofen axetil consumption		52.5±39.5	110.8±47.9	<0.001
RCSQ		61.8±6.1	54.3±6.9	<0.001

Abbreviations: C, control; D, dexmedetomidine; VAS, Visual Analogue Scores; RCSQ, Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire; hrs, hours.

Table 3 Intraoperative and Postoperative Variables

Variables	Group D (n=60)	Group C (n=60)	P value
Infusion volume [mL, mean (SD)]	1018.33±425.26	981.67±353.43	0.608
Blood loss [mL, mean (SD)]	99.50±50.07	101.67±43.15	0.800
Urine volume [mL, mean (SD)]	228.33±125.00	217.50±92.89	0.591
Operating time [minutes, mean (SD)]	155.92±77.50	153.50±60.78	0.850
Anesthesia time [minutes, mean (SD)]	190.08±85.69	186.67±71.14	0.813
BIS	51.9±1.16	52.02±0.77	0.518
Length of stay (days)	9.03±2.80	9.02±2.45	0.972

Abbreviations: C, control; D, dexmedetomidine; BIS, bispectral index.

Table 4 Intraoperative Adverse Reactions of Two Groups

	Group D (n=60)	Group C (n=60)	P value
Bradycardia [no. (%)]	8 (13)	4 (7)	0.362
Hypotension [no. (%)]	3 (5)	1 (2)	0.619
Hypoxemia [no. (%)]	0	0

Abbreviations: C, control; D, dexmedetomidine, no, number.