The Symptoms of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients with Stromal-Dominated Hyperplasia Nodules May Be Associated with Prostate Fibrosis

Figures & data

Table 1 Comparison of Clinical Parameters in 67 BPH Patients Between EDH and SDH Groups (mean±SD)

Group	n	Old (Year)	Prostatic Volume	Preoperative IPSS	QOL	Qmax	BOOI
EDH	20	72.3±7.19	55.83±21.43	18.75±7.21	4.55±1.05	7.535±4.28	44.47±32.93
SDH	47	70.9±7.57	49.92±28.21	25.06±5.59**	4.55±1.21	6.73±3.34	54.5±33.32

Notes: Values are mean ± SD. Compared to EDH groups, **p<0.01.

Abbreviations: EDH, epithelial-dominated hyperplasia; SDH, stromal-dominated hyperplasia; IPSS, international prostate symptom score; QOL, quality of life score; Qmax, maximum urinary flow rate; BOOI, bladder outlet obstruction index.

Figure 1 The clinical parameters in BPH patients in the EDP and SDP groups. (A) Representative images of hyperplasia nodules in BPH patients. HE × 40. (B) The IPSS of BPH patients in the EDP and SDP groups. (C) The age of BPH patients in the EDP and SDP groups. (D) The prostate size of BPH patients in the EDP and SDP groups. (E) The QOL of BPH patients in the EDP and SDP groups. (F) The Q_max of BPH patients in the EDP and SDP groups. (G) The BOOI of BPH patients in the EDP and SDP groups. Values are the mean ± SD. Compared to EDH groups, **p < 0.01.

Abbreviations: EDH, epithelial-dominated hyperplasia; SDH, stromal-dominated hyperplasia; IPSS, preoperative international prostate symptom score; QOL, quality of life score; Q_max, maximum urinary flow rate; BOOI, bladder outlet obstruction index.

Figure 2 The collagen fibers percentage of prostatic hyperplasia nodules in the EDH and SDH groups and correlation analysis with clinical parameters of BPH patients. (A) Representative images showing collagen fibers (blue) and smooth muscle (red) of hyperplasia nodules in the EDH and SDH groups. HE × 100, Masson’s trichrome staining × 100. (B) Collagen fibers percentage of hyperplasia nodules in the EDH and SDH groups. (C) Collagen fibers percentage and smooth muscle of hyperplasia nodules. (D) Correlation analysis between collagen fibers percentage and IPSS. (E) Correlation analysis between collagen fibers percentage and age. (F) Correlation analysis between collagen fibers percentage and prostate size. (G) Correlation analysis between collagen fibers percentage and QOL. (H) Correlation analysis between collagen fibers percentage and Qmax. (I) Correlation analysis between collagen fibers percentage and BOOI. Values are the mean ± SD. Compared to EDH group, ** p < 0.01.

Table 2 The Up-Regulated and Down-Regulated DEGs in SDH Groups Compared to EDH Groups Were Screened by Integrated Microarray

DEGs	Gene Names
Up-regulated	HLA-C IGLV9-49 IGHV7-4-1 COL10A1 CST1 MICA CCL13 IGLV3-25 AKR1B10 FABP4 CMA1 CTSG TNFAIP6 NNMT COMP NPFFR2 APOLD1 CXCL14 IL1R2 ADAMTS16 HBA2 ALKAL2 CDR2 CMTM2 PTGER1 RNASE1 POSTN COL1A1 PEAK3 PTGFR COL3A1 CCL21 SSTR2 KCNE4 RPL29P11 COL1A2 PDPN NFATC4 C1QL1 CHSY3 TPPP3 TPSAB1 RELL1 ITGA11 CCDC184 NDUFA4L2 G0S2 REM1 CPA3 SPARC A2M IFITM2 TGFBI PLEKHA4 COL5A2 VIM COL6A2 F3 KLF2 COL5A1 FAM89A
Down-regulated	SPAG6 CCKBR LRP2 HMGA1P2 NLRP9 ATP6V0A4 ATP6V0D2 LRRC9 LINC00964 STPG3-AS1 HSPA2-AS1 SV2B CYP4F8 ARHGAP8 TRGV9 BEND4 GOLGA8R POLR2J3 TDRD5 LINC00930 DPP4-DT SORD SLC26A5 MUC20P1 AP1G2-AS1 LINC01748 Y_RNA EXTL3-AS1 PLEKHH1 CASKIN1 HRAT92 ARHGAP40 DLX6-AS1 JMJD7-PLA2G4B LINC00960 MASP2 MIR29B2CHG SLC16A8 LINC00339 MIR205HG P2RY1 STAG3L5P FHDC1 TC2N CBR3-AS1 FYB2 BAIAP3 SCART1 PASK TFCP2L1 LINC00958 SNX15 PLCH2 CICP14 MIR600HG ZNF587 ZNF525 - ZNF229 SLC22A5

Table 3 Top 10 Hub Genes in PPI Network Ranked

Rank	Name	Score
1	COL1A1	11,017.0
2	COL1A2	11,016.0
2	COL3A1	11,016.0
4	POSTN	10827.0
5	SPARC	10800.0
6	COL5A1	10,200.0
7	COL6A2	10,104.0
8	TGFβ1	5760.0
9	COL5A2	5160.0
10	VIM	720.0

Figure 3 Volcano map of all DEGs between EDH and SDH groups. The red points represent up-regulated genes, the green points represent down-regulated genes, and the blue points represent no significant difference genes screened on the basis of |FC| > 2.0 and a corrected P-value of <0.05.

Figure 4 GO enrichment analysis of DEGs on the −log₁₀ (P-value). BP for red bar, CC for green bar and MF for blue bar.

Figure 5 KEGG signal pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs on the −log₁₀(P-value).

Figure 6 PPI network of identified DEGs constructed using Cytoscape software. (A) PPI network. Genes, the interaction of proteins between genes were represented with circles and lines. According to the degree of interaction, the size and color of the nodes were determined corresponding to each gene. (B) The interaction network of top 10 hub genes.