Incidence of Postoperative Sore Throat and Associated Factors Among Pediatric Patients Undergoing Surgery Under General Anesthesia at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, a Prospective Cohort Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Frequency distribution of type of surgical procedures among pediatric surgical patients operated under general anesthesia in HUCSH, Hawassa, Ethiopia from February–June 2022.

Table 1 Demographic and Perioperative Characteristics of Pediatric Surgical Patients Operated Under General Anesthesia in HUCSH, Hawassa, Ethiopia from February–June 2022

Variables	Frequency (No.)	Percentage (%)
Gender (Male, Female)	68, 34	66.6, 33.3
ASA I	97	95.1
ASA II	5	4.9
OPV I	70	68.6
OPV II	32	31.4
Cricoid pressure applied:
Yes	21	20.6
No	81	79.4
KY jelly used:
Yes	42	41.2
No	60	58.8
Introducer (stylet, bougies):
Yes	25	24.5
No	77	75.5
The urgency of the procedures:
Elective	75	73.5
Emergency	27	26.5
NPO:
Yes	87	85.3
No
Premedication:
Atropine	42	41.2
Dexamethasone	75	73.5
Metoclopramide	2	2
Induction: Propofol	51	50
Ketofol	48	47.1
Ketamine	3	2.9
Maintenance:
Halothane	97	96.1
TIVA	5	4
Analgesia:
Paracetamol	47	46.1
Opioid	42	41.2
ETT size
4.0	4	6.7
4.5	13	21.7
5.0	19	31.7
5.5	15	25.0
6.0	6	10.0
6.5	3	5.0
LMA size:
1.5	1	2.4
2.0	20	47.6
2.5	18	42.9
3.0	3	7.1

Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; OPV, Oropharyngeal view; NPO, Nil per os; TIVA, Total intravenous anesthetics; ETT, Endotracheal tube; LMA, Laryngeal mask airway.

Figure 2 Incidence of postoperative sore throat in pediatric surgical patients operated under general anesthesia in HUCSH, Hawassa, Ethiopia from February–June 2022.

Figure 3 Postoperative sore throat percentage and severity within time interval among pediatric surgical patients operated under general anesthesia in HUCSH, Hawassa, Ethiopia from February–June 2022.

Table 2 The Factors Associated with Postoperative Sore Throat in Pediatric Surgical Patients Operated Under General Anesthesia in HUCSH, Hawassa, Ethiopia from February–June 2022

Variables		Crude Odds Ratio	95% CI	P value
Gender	M	1		0.476
	F	1.554	[0.625–3.866]
OPV	I	1		0.798
	II	1.130	[0.442–2.890]
Inflation Volume	Within/below	1		0.328
	Above standard	1.07	[0.975–2.451]
Type of airway used	ETT	3.231	[1.172–8.90]	0.023
	LMA	0.310	[0.112–0.853]
Use of introducer	Yes	1.84	[0.697–4.875]	0.214
	No	1
Number of attempts	1	1		0.019
	>1	5.071	[1.307–19.672]
Duration of intubation	≤2	1		0.025
	>2	3.526	[1.169–10.64]
Vomiting at extubation	Yes	4.562	[0.719–28.94]	0.114
	No	1
Blood on ETT/ LMA	Yes	4.034	[0.99–16.34]	0.053
	No	1
Cricoid pressure	Yes	0.491	[0.168–1.435]	0.239
	No	I
Dexamethasone	Yes	2.543	[0.790–8.192]	0.109
	No	1

Abbreviations: CI, Confidence interval; OPV, Oropharyngeal view; ETT, Endotracheal tube; LMA, Laryngeal mask airway.

Table 3 The Independently Associated Factors of Postoperative Sore Throat in Pediatric Surgical Patients Operated Under General Anesthesia in HUCSH, Hawassa, Ethiopia from February–June 2022

Variable	Crude OR	Adjusted OR	95% CI	P value
ETT	3.231	3.155	[1.114–8.933]	0.030
Number of attempts>1	5.071	4.890	[1.203–19.883]	0.027

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ETT, Endotracheal tube.