No Association Between Ct Value and COVID-19 Severity and Mortality in Qatar

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of the Patients

	Level	Total (n=622)	ICU-Admitted	Non-ICU-Admitted	P-value	Test Used
			(n = 236)	(n = 386)
Age, years	Median (IQR)	57 (53–63)	60 (54–67)	56 (52–61)	<0.01	Mann Whitney U-test
Sex	n (%)	–	–	–	<0.01	Chi-square test
Male	–	430 (69.1)	213 (49.5)	217 (50.5)
Female	–	192 (30.9)	23 (12.0)	169 (88.0)
Place of Origin	n (%)	–	–	–	<0.01	Chi-square test
East and Pacific	–	59 (9.49)	30 (50.8)	29 (49.2)	–
Europe	–	7 (1.13)	0 (0.00)	7 (100)	–
Latin America and Caribbean	–	2 (0.32)	0 (0.00)	2 (100)	–
MENA	–	306 (49.20)	65 (21.2)	241 (78.8)	–
North America	–	5 (0.80)	2 (40.0)	3 (60.0)	–
South Asia	–	218 (35.05)	131 (60.0)	87 (40.0)	–
Sub-Saharan Africa	–	25 (4.02)	8 (32.0)	17 (68.0)	–
Symptomatic	n (%)	487 (94.8)	129 (26.5)	358 (73.5)	>0.01	Chi-square test
Systemic Symptoms	n (%)	500 (87.9)	154 (30.8)	346 (69.2)	>0.01	Chi-square test
Respiratory Symptoms	n (%)	433 (81.2)	130 (30.0)	303 (70.0)	<0.01	Chi-square test
GI Symptoms	n (%)	143 (27.4)	39 (27.3)	104 (72.7)	>0.01	Chi-square test
Hypertension present	n (%)	368 (59.2)	172 (47.7)	196 (52.3)	<0.01	Chi-square test
Diabetes Mellitus present	n (%)	372 (59.8)	163 (43.8)	209 (56.2)	<0.01	Chi-square test
Cardiovascular disease	n (%)	343 (55.1)	181 (52.8)	162 (47.2)	<0.01	Chi-square test
Chronic lung disease	n (%)	115 (18.5)	35 (30.4)	80 (69.6)	0.066	Chi-square test
Chronic kidney disease	n (%)	73 (11.7)	52 (71.2)	21 (28.8)	<0.01	Chi-square test
Chronic liver disease	n (%)	22 (3.54)	18 (81.8)	4 (18.2)	<0.01	Chi-square test
Autoimmune disease	n (%)	13 (2.09)	2 (15.4)	11 (84.6)	0.146	Fisher’s exact test
Cancer present	n (%)	23 (3.70)	12 (52.2)	11 (47.8)	0.152	Chi-square test
Tuberculosis present	n (%)	2 (0.32)	1 (50.0)	1 (50.0)	1	Fisher’s exact test

Figure 1 Study Timeline.

Table 2 Association Between Ct Values, Symptoms and ICU-Admission – Multivariable Logistic Regression Models

ICU-Admission	OR	P value	95% CI
Ct value <25 (base = Ct value ≥25)	0.85	0.442	0.56 to 1.29
Respiratory symptoms (base = no respiratory symptoms)	2.95	0.001	1.57 to 5.56
Upper respiratory symptoms
Cough (base = no cough)	2.06	0.003	1.28 to 3.30
Sore throat (base = no sore throat)	1.31	0.245	0.83 to 2.07
Runny nose (base = no runny nose)	1.44	0.19	0.84 to 2.46
Lower respiratory symptoms
Dyspnoea (base = no dyspnoea)	6.48	<0.001	3.93 to 10.70
Wheezing (base = no wheezing)	1.85	0.042	1.02 to 3.35
Chest pain (base = no chest pain)	2.5	<0.001	1.54 to 4.05
Systemic symptoms (base = no systemic symptoms)	1.08	0.779	0.60 to 1.95
Fever (base = no fever)	1.44	0.095	0.94 to 2.22
Chills (base = no chills)	1.16	0.519	0.73 to 1.85
Fatigue (base = no fatigue)	0.91	0.669	0.58 to 1.42
Muscle aches (base = no muscle aches)	0.83	0.417	0.53 to 1.30
Headache (base = no headache)	0.88	0.594	0.56 to 1.40
Anosmia (base = no anosmia)	1.15	0.546	0.73 to 1.80
Gastrointestinal symptoms* (base = no gastrointestinal symptoms)	1.99	0.01	1.18 to 3.35

Notes: These models are adjusted for age, sex, CVD, chronic lung disease, CKD, and diabetes mellitus. *The only gastrointestinal symptoms reported were nausea and/or vomiting.

Table 3 Association Between Ct Values, Symptoms and Mortality – Multivariable Logistic Regression Models

Mortality	OR	P value	95% CI
Ct value <25 (base = Ct value ≥25)	1.21	0.477	0.71 to 2.08
Respiratory symptoms (base = no respiratory symptoms)	4.96	0.038	1.10 to 22.43
Upper respiratory symptoms
Cough (base = no cough)	2.9	0.041	1.04 to 8.07
Sore throat (base = no sore throat)	2	0.1	0.88 to 4.55
Runny nose (base = no runny nose)	2.71	0.031	1.10 to 6.71
Lower respiratory symptoms
Dyspnoea (base = no dyspnoea)	11.91	<0.001	4.07 to 34.90
Wheezing (base = no wheezing)	2.25	0.118	0.81 to 6.23
Chest pain (base = no chest pain)	2.46	0.035	1.07 to 5.66
Systemic symptoms (base = no systemic symptoms)	0.8	0.58	0.37 to 1.74
Fever (base = no fever)	1.68	0.115	0.88 to 3.22
Chills (base = no chills)	3.06	0.01	1.31 to 7.17
Fatigue (base = no fatigue)	0.91	0.811	0.40 to 2.05
Muscle aches (base = no muscle aches)	1.4	0.438	0.60 to 3.27
Headache (base = no headache)	0.98	0.956	0.41 to 2.33
Anosmia (base = no anosmia)	1.37	0.458	0.60 to 3.11
Gastrointestinal symptoms* (base = no gastrointestinal symptoms)	3.17	0.012	1.29 to 7.84

Notes: These models are adjusted for age, sex, CVD, chronic lung disease, CKD, and diabetes mellitus. *The only gastrointestinal symptoms reported were nausea and/or vomiting.