A Prospective Cohort Study (OUTSTRIP-COVID) on Functional and Spirometry Outcomes in COVID-19 ICU Survivors at 3 Months

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow chart of patient selection and follow up at 3 months.

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants

Baseline Variables	Mean ± SD or n (%)	Intubated (n=20)	Non-Intubated (n=80)	p value**
Age	47.8 ± 8.4	47.8 ± 8.1	47.9 ± 8.6	0.944
Age category
Below 60	91 (91)	18 (90.0)	73 (91.3)	0.573
60 and above	9 (9)	2 (10.0)	7 (8.8)
Gender
Male	82 (82)	17 (85)	65 (81.3)	1.000
Female	18 (18)	3 (15)	15 (18.8)
Nationality
Qatari	1 (1.0)			Not applicable
Non-Qatari *	99 (99.0)
BMI	30.5 ± 5.9	28.0 (6.9)	30.2 (8.7)	0.613
Smoking	6(6)	2 (10)	4 (5)	0.597
DM	56 (56)	12 (60)	44 (55)	0.687
HTN	44 (44)	12 (60)	32 (40)	0.107
APACHE at 24 hours	8.5 ± 3.27	9.5 (6.8)	8.0 (4)	0.024
APACHE II Death risk %	10.71 ± 5.39	12.0 (15)	8.0 (7)	0.005
Corticosteroids	99 (99)	20 (100)	79 (98.8)	1.000
Days Received Corticosteroids	11.38 ± 4.78	10.0 (7.0)	10.0 (4.0)	0.256
Muscle relaxants	98 (98)	20 (100)	78 (97.5)	1.000
Prone Positioning	27 (27)	18 (90)	9 (11.3)	< 0.001
Length of stay in ICU	10.7 ± 11.4	14.0 (8.0)	7.0 (5.0)	< 0.001
Total Hospital Stay	19.72 ± 17.54	21.0 (19.0)	14.0 (11.0)	< 0.001

Notes: **Independent t-test; others by Mann–Whitney U-test and Chi-Square or Fisher’s exact test. *Arabs:10 (10%) Asian:84 (84%) Other 6 (6%). All significant p values in bold text.

Table 2 Mean Scores of SF-36 Domains at Baseline, 3 Months Period and Changes Overtime

Items	At Baseline (Mean ± SD)	At 3 Months	SF 36 Over Time	Intubation Status (Covariate)**
	(n=90)	(n=68)	p value*	p value
Physical functioning	59.11 ± 22.08	73.97 ± 22.34	< 0.001	0.220
Role functioning/physical	41.67 ± 41.39	76.84 ± 33.55	< 0.001	0.245
Role functioning/emotional	60.72 ± 42.57	79.40 ± 34.09	< 0.001	0.586
Energy/fatigue	55.48 ± 20.45	67.06 ± 18.81	< 0.001	0.539
Emotional well-being	72.92 ± 19.11	77.34 ± 16.83	0.052	0.586
Social functioning	64.06 ± 24.51	77.93 ± 22.35	< 0.001	0.402
Pain	68.00 ± 23.69	80.69 ± 19.90	< 0.001	0.056
General health	63.23 ± 18.07	73.20 ± 18.33	< 0.001	0.626

Notes: *Paired t-test was used at an alpha level of 0.05. **General Linear Model (GLM) was used. All significant p values in bold text.

Table 3 Lung Function: Average Measures and Percentage Predicted of FEV1, FVC, PEFR

		Baseline (Mean ± SD)	3 Months (Mean ± SD)	PFT Overtime	Intubation Status (Covariate)**
		N= 99	N = 75	p value	p value
FVC	L	2.92 ± 0.97	3.12 ± 0.89	< 0.001	0.481
	%	78.27 ± 22.57	85.29 ± 22.56	< 0.001	0.410
FEV1%	L	2.43 ± 0.74	6.29 ± 31.45	< 0.001*	0.074
	%	79.12 ± 20.23	87.99 ± 18.26	< 0.001	0.415
FEV1/FVC	L	84.86 ± 8.35	86.36 ± 5.47	0.249	0.483
	%	107.44 ± 11.11	109.00 ± 6.13	0.266	0.344
PEFR		96.72 ± 24.72	106.93 ± 21.76	< 0.001	0.245

Notes: *Wilcoxon test was used due to skewed distribution. **General Linear Model (GLM) was used. All significant p values in bold text.

Table 4 6-Minute Walk Test: Mean Values at Baseline and 3 Months Follow Up

Variables	Baseline (Mean ± SD)	3 Months (Mean ± SD)	6MWT Overtime	Intubation Status (Covariate)**
	N = 100	N= 76	p value	p value
Initial heart rate, b/m	84.28 ± 12.41	78.93 ± 12.2	< 0.001	0.417
Final heart rate, b/m	107.28 ± 17.00	104.85 ± 15.34	0.160	0.316
Δ Heart rate reduced by at 1 min	17.26 ± 11.07	19.16 ± 10.57	0.161	0.871
Heart rate 1 min post 6MWT, b/m	89.95 ± 13.34	84.99 ± 13.04	< 0.001	0.416
Initial Borg Dyspnea score	1.35 ± 0.48	1.09 ± 0.30	< 0.001	0.429
Final Borg Dyspnea score	2.47 ± 0.90	2.11 ± 0.59	< 0.001	0.427
Initial Borg Fatigue score	1.23 ± 0.46	1.07 ± 0.30	0.013	0.598
Final Borg Fatigue score	1.77 ± 0.75	1.41 ± 0.62	< 0.001	0.468
Initial SpO2, %	96.76 ± 1.86	97.84 ± 1.07	< 0.001	0.747
Lowest SpO2, %	93.7 ± 5.0	96.3 ± 2.0	< 0.001	0.772
ΔSpO2	3.01 ± 3.69	1.44 ± 1.85	< 0.001*	0.820
Δ SpO2 1 min post 6MWT, %	96.28 ± 4.58	97.92 ± 0.17	0.003	0.660
6MWD, m	386.50 ± 78.45	437.22 ± 58.91	< 0.001	0.631

Notes: *Wilcoxon test was used due to skewed distribution. **General Linear Model (GLM) was used. All significant p values in bold text.