Level of Depression and Anxiety on Quality of Life Among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic Characteristics and Laboratory Parameters of the Participants

Variable (Number)	All (n=66)
Age, year (66)	54.07 ± 15.5
Creatinine, mg/dL (61)	7.86 ± 2.6
Phosphorus, mg/dL (61)	4.14 ± 1.9
Interdialytic Weight Gain (IDWG) (59)	3.06 ± 1.3
Chronic Kidney Disease Duration (Years) (57)	10.47 ± 10.4
PTH, pg/mL (56)	499.47 ± 466
Hb, g/dl (61)	12.4± 11.5
Albumin, g/dl (61)	3.97 ± 0.4
Kt/V (59)	4.34 ± 21.5
Gender (66)
Male	32 (48.5%)
Female	34 (51.5%)
Marital Status (66)
Single	20 (30.3%)
Married	46 (69.7%)
Educational level (66)
School Education	39 (60%)
University Degree	26 (40%)
Currently smoking (66)
No	47 (71.2%)
Yes	19 (28.8%)
Number of Medications (66)
< 5 Medications	23 (51.1%)
≥ 5 Medications	22 (48.9%)

Table 2 Description of Depression 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)

PHQ9	Frequency (%)
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Not at all	42 (63.6%)
Several days	14 (21.2%)
More than half the days	9 (13.6%)
Nearly every day	1 (1.5%)
Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless
Not at all	46 (69.7%)
Several days	12 (18.2%)
More than half the days	6 (9.1%)
Nearly every day	2 (3%)
Trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much
Not at all	35 (53%)
Several days	20 (30.3%)
More than half the days	6 (9.1%)
Nearly every day	5 (7.6%)
Feeling tired or having little energy
Not at all	17 (25.8%)
Several days	33 (50%)
More than half the days	11 (16.7%)
Nearly every day	5 (7.6%)
Poor appetite or overeating
Not at all	43 (65.2%)
Several days	14 (21.2%)
More than half the days	6 (9.1%)
Nearly every day	3 (4.5%)
Feeling bad about yourself — or that you are a failure or have let yourself or your family down
Not at all	50 (75.8%)
Several days	10 (15.2%)
More than half the days	4 (6.1%)
Nearly every day	2 (3%)
Trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching television
Not at all	52 (78.8%)
Several days	9 (13.6%)
More than half the days	3 (4.5%)
Nearly every day	2 (3%)
Moving or speaking so slowly that other people could have noticed? Or the opposite — being so fidgety or restless that you have been moving around a lot more than usual
Not at all	46 (69.7%)
Several days	14 (21.2%)
More than half the days	6 (9.1%)
Thoughts that you would be better off dead or of hurting yourself in some way
Not at all	52 (78.8%)
Several days	10 (15.2%)
More than half the days	2 (3%)
Nearly every day	2 (3%)

Table 3 Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) Description

GAD7	Frequency (%)
Feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge
Not at all sure	33 (50%)
Several days	22 (33.3%)
Over half the days	4 (6.1%)
Nearly every day	7 (10.6%)
Not being able to stop or control worrying
Not at all sure	46 (69.7%)
Several days	12 (18.2%)
Over half the days	3 (4.5%)
Nearly every day	5 (7.6%)
Worrying too much about different things
Not at all sure	44 (66.7%)
Several days	15 (22.7%)
Over half the days	4 (6.1%)
Nearly every day	3 (4.5%)
Trouble relaxing
Not at all sure	47 (71.2%)
Several days	12 (18.2%)
Over half the days	1 (1.5%)
Nearly every day	6 (9.1%)
Being so restless that it’s hard to sit still
Not at all sure	50 (75.8%)
Several days	9 (13.6%)
Over half the days	6 (9.1%)
Nearly every day	1 (1.5%)
Becoming easily annoyed or irritable
Not at all sure	31 (47%)
Several days	17 (25.8%)
Over half the days	9 (13.6%)
Nearly every day	9 (13.6%)
Feeling afraid as if something awful might happen
Not at all sure	50 (75.8%)
Several days	9 (13.6%)
Over half the days	5 (7.6%)
Nearly every day	2 (3%)

Table 4 Depression Degree

Depression Degree	Number (%)
No depression	5 (7.6%)
Mild depression	53 (80.3%)
Moderate depression	6 (9.1%)
Severe depression	2 (3%)

Table 5 Anxiety Degree

Anxiety Degree	Number (%)
No Anxiety	11 (16.7%)
Mild Anxiety	47 (71.2%)
Moderate Anxiety	5 (7.6%)
Severe Anxiety	3 (4.5%)

Table 6 Comparison Between Depression and Sociodemographic Characteristics

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error Mean	Sig. (2-Tailed)	95% CI of the Difference
						Lower	Upper
Gender
Male	32	2.97	2.82	0.50	<0.001	−4.94	−1.65
Female	34	6.26	3.77	0.65
Marital Status
Single	20	9.53	3.31	0.74	0.96	−1.95	2.05
Married	46	5.77	3.91	0.58
Education
College/University	26	6.34	3.99	0.78	0.51	−2.51	1.26
School Education	39	6.22	3.54	0.57
Smoking
Yes	19	5.98	2.41	0.55	0.12	−3.80	0.16
No	47	7.67	4.03	0.59
Medications
< 5 Medications	18	5.67	3.80	0.89	0.36	−3.35	1.24
≥ 5 Medications	31	6.77	3.87	0.70

Table 7 Linear Correlation Between GAD7 Score, PHQ9 Score and the Score Mean of WHO-QOL BREF Domains, Age and Chronic Kidney Disease Duration (Years) for the Participant

Variable	Depression score		Anxiety Score
	Correlation Coefficient	P-value	Correlation Coefficient	P-value*
Age	0.269	0.03	−0.06	0.65
Chronic Kidney Disease Duration (Years)	−0.17	0.20	0.001	0.98
Physical Health	−0.519	0.000	−0.339	0.005
Psychological	−0.430	0.000	−0.367	0.002
Social relationship	−0.340	0.005	−0.418	0.000
Environment	−0.204	0.100	−0.231	0.062

Notes: *Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). The bold font indicates a significant result.

Table 8 Comparison Between Anxiety Score and Sociodemographic Characteristics

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error Mean	Sig. (2-Tailed)	95% CI of the Difference
						Lower	Upper
Gender
Male	32	3.09	4.59	0.81	0.16	−3.86	0.64
Female	34	4.71	4.56	0.78
Marital Status
Single	20	6.15	6.00	1.34	0.03	0.84	5.55
Married	46	2.96	3.51	0.52
Education
College/University	26	3.58	5.09	1.00	0.61	−2.97	1.76
School Education	39	4.18	4.37	0.70
Smoking
Yes	19	4.68	5.44	1.25	0.40	−1.44	3.58
No	47	3.62	4.26	0.62
Medications
< 5 Medications	18	2.28	2.59	0.61	0.16	−5.25	0.32
≥ 5 Medications	31	4.74	5.51	0.99

Note: The bold font indicates a significant result.

Table 9 Linear Correlation Between the Score Mean of WHO-QOL BREF Domains

		Physical Health	Psychological	Social Relationship	Environment
Physical Health	Correlation Coefficient	1	0.329	0.219	0.277
	Sig. (2-tailed)*	-	0.007	0.078	0.024
	N	66	66	66	66
Psychological	Correlation Coefficient	-	1	0.166	0.291
	Sig. (2-tailed)*	-	-	0.184	0.018
	N	-	66	66	66
Social relationship	Correlation Coefficient	-	-	1	0.067
	Sig. (2-tailed)*	-	-	-	0.591
	N	-	-	66	66

Notes: *Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). The bold font indicates a significant result.

Table 10 Comparison Between the Score Mean of WHO-QOL BREF Domains and Sociodemographic Characteristics

QOL Domain	Physical Health		Psychological		Social Relationship		Environment
Gender	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
N	32	34	32	34	32	34	32	34
Mean	79.09	64.82	78.72	72.12	77.31	74.44	79.06	74.18
Std. Deviation	17.04	24.53	14.11	18.99	21.67	15.20	12.02	14.95
Std. Error Mean	3.01	4.21	2.49	3.26	3.83	2.61	2.12	2.56
P value	0.016		0.10		0.43		0.28
Smoking	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
N	19	47	19	47	19	47	19	47
Mean	81.11	67.96	76.68	74.77	77.89	75.00	76.89	76.40
Std. Deviation	16.91	23.18	12.81	18.53	20.26	17.94	11.28	14.71
Std. Error Mean	3.88	3.38	2.94	2.70	4.65	2.62	2.59	2.15
P value	0.037		0.86		0.50		0.82
Marital Status	Single	Married	Single	Married	Single	Married	Single	Married
N	20	46	20	46	20	46	20	46
Mean	71.75	71.74	77.45	74.39	69.30	78.67	73.90	77.70
Std. Deviation	19.54	23.55	16.87	17.16	15.36	19.21	16.63	12.28
Std. Error Mean	4.37	3.47	3.77	2.53	3.43	2.83	3.72	1.81
P value	0.79		0.37		0.07		0.47
Education	College/ University	School Education	College/ University	School Education	College/ University	School Education	College/ University	School Education
N	26	39	26	39	26	39	26	39
Mean	78.81	66.46	76.19	74.10	74.77	76.41	78.23	75.46
Std. Deviation	16.56	24.32	14.16	18.56	22.49	15.89	12.18	14.88
Std. Error Mean	3.25	3.89	2.78	2.97	4.41	2.54	2.39	2.38
P value	0.046		0.63		0.73		0.56
Medications	< 5 Medications	≥ 5 Medications	< 5 Medications	≥ 5 Medications	< 5 Medications	≥ 5 Medications	< 5 Medications	≥ 5 Medications
N	18	31	18	31	18	31	18	31
Mean	78.61	68.71	77.50	76.84	79.89	76.16	80.67	71.87
Std. Deviation	16.68	22.25	20.40	14.90	14.95	20.11	10.13	14.39
Std. Error Mean	3.93	4.00	4.81	2.68	3.52	3.61	2.39	2.58
P value	0.14		0.70		0.82		0.025

Note: The bold font indicates a significant result.