Correlation of Atherosclerotic Dyslipidemia with Long-Term Stroke Recurrence in Patients Undergoing Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of Patients

Variable	Total (n=499)	No AD (n=419)	AD (n=80)	P
Age	65.3 ± 12.9	66.0 ± 12.3	61.4 ± 15.1	< 0.001
Sex, n (%)				0.308
Female	181 (36.3)	156 (37.2)	25 (31.2)
Male	318 (63.7)	263 (62.8)	55 (68.8)
Risk factors, n (%)
Hypertension	394 (79.1)	332 (79.2)	62 (78.5)	0.880
Diabetes	114 (22.8)	75 (17.9)	39 (48.8)	< 0.001
Coronary disease	80 (16.0)	68 (16.2)	12 (15.0)	0.784
Atrial fibrillation	81 (16.2)	76 (18.1)	5 (6.2)	0.008
Stroke history	115 (23.0)	103 (24.6)	12 (15.0)	0.062
Smoking history	202 (40.5)	165 (39.4)	37 (46.2)	0.251
BMI	24.3 ± 3.3	24.2 ± 3.3	25.3 ± 3.5	0.006
ESRS score	2 (2–3)	2 (2–3)	3 (2–4)	0.503
Medication at discharge from hospital, n (%)
Antithrombotic drugs	497 (99.6%)	417 (99.5)	80 (100)	0.536
Statins	494 (99.0)	414 (98.8)	80 (100)	0.326
Antihypertensive	236 (47.3)	194 (46.3)	42 (52.5)	0.309
Antiglycemic drugs	70 (14.0)	45 (10.7)	25 (31.2)	< 0.001
Angiostenosis	217 (43.5)	186 (44.4)	31 (38.8)	0.351
Stroke subtype, n (%)				0.093
LAD	149 (29.9)	123 (19.4)	26 (32.5)
CE	61 (12.2)	58 (13.8)	3 (3.8)
SAD	133 (26.7)	109 (26.0)	24 (30.0)
Other and undetermined etiologies	156 (31.3)	129 (30.8)	27 (33.8)

Abbreviations: AD, atherosclerotic dyslipidemia; BMI, body mass index; ESRS, Essen Stroke Risk Score; LAD, large artery disease; CE, cardiogenic embolism; SAD, small artery disease.

Figure 1 Patient flow diagram.

Table 2 Univariate and Multivariate Cox Risk Models for the Risk of Recurrence in Patients Undergoing Intravenous Thrombolysis for AIS

Variable	Univariate Analysis		Multivariate Analysis
	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value
Age	1.025 (1.004–1.047)	0.019
Sex
Female	Ref
Male	1.027 (0.607–1.736)	0.921
Risk factors
Hypertension	1.194 (0.620–2.299)	0.596
Diabetes	1.221 (0.680–2.192)	0.504
Coronary disease	2.222 (1.267–3.896)	0.005
Atrial fibrillation	2.883 (1.669–4.980)	< 0.001	2.325 (1.007–5.366)	0.048
Stroke history	1.694 (0.990–2.898)	0.054
AD	1.860 (1.036–3.339)	0.038	2.363 (1.294–4.314)	0.005
Smoking history	0.964 (0.575–1.616)	0.889
BMI	0.951 (0.878–1.029)	0.209
ESRS score	1.288 (1.070–1.549)	0.007
Medication at discharge from hospital
Antithrombotic drugs	0.215 (0.030–1.555)	0.128
Statins	1.959 (0.271–14.144)	0.505
Antihypertensive	0.689 (0.415–1.147)	0.152
Antiglycemic drugs	1.009 (0.479–2.126)	0.980
Angiostenosis	1.794 (1.076–2.991)	0.025
Stroke etiology
SAD	Ref
LAD	1.685 (0.883–3.405)	0.146
CE	3.419 (1.616–7.232)	0.001
Other and undetermined etiologies	0.707 (0.305–1.636)	0.418

Abbreviations: AD, atherosclerotic dyslipidemia; BMI, body mass index; ESRS, Essen Stroke Risk Score; LAD, large artery disease; CE, cardiogenic embolism; SAD, small artery disease.

Figure 2 Kaplan‒Meier curves estimating the probability of recurrent survival in patients with AD, non-AD and intravenous thrombolysis for AIS (P=0.035, log rank test). +, Yes; -, No.

Table 3 Analysis of AD and the Risk of Recurrence in Patients with Different Subtypes of Ischemic Stroke with Intravenous Thrombolysis

Stroke Subtype	Univariate Analysis		Multivariate Analysis
	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value
LAD	3.166 (1.320–7.595)	0.010	3.122 (1.304–7.437)	0.011
CE	1.248 (0.164–9.496)	0.830
SAD	2.315 (0.697–7.690)	0.171
Other and undetermined etiologies	1.295 (0.273–6.139)	0.744

Abbreviations: LAD, large artery disease; CE, cardiogenic embolism; SAD, small artery disease.

Figure 3 Kaplan‒Meier curves estimating the probability of recurrent survival in patients with AD, non-AD and intravenous thrombolysis in the LAD subtype (P=0.006, log rank test).+, Yes; -, No.