The Predictive Value of Heparin-Binding Protein and D-Dimer in Patients with Sepsis

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flowchart of the recruitment and review process for patients with sepsis in intensive care units.

Table 1 Comparison of General Data Between Both Groups

Item		Survival Group	Death Group	χ^2/t	P
Cases (n)		38	13	–	–
Gender (n/%)	Male	20(52.6)	7(53.8)	χ^2=0.006	0.940
	Female	18(47.4)	6(46.2)
Age (, years)		55.21±16.93	55.31±14.64	t=−0.018	0.985
Hospital stay (, days)		7.61±2.24	10.38±2.66	t=−3.684	0.001
Primary Disease (n/%)	Digestive diseases	10(26.32)	4(30.77)	χ^2 = −0.248	0.804
	Respiratory diseases	14(36.84)	4(30.77)
	Urinary diseases	6(15.79)	2(15.38)
	Other diseases	8(21.05)	3(23.08)
Pathogens tested for by clinical laboratory (n/%)	Bacterium	30(78.95)	10(76.92)	Z=−0.227	0.821
	Virus	5(13.16)	2(15.38)
	Both bacterium and virus	2(5.26)	1(7.69)
	Neither bacterium nor virus	1(2.63)	0(0)

Table 2 Levels of HBP and D-Dimer and SOFA Scores for Both Groups at Admission ()

Item	Survival Group	Death Group	t	P
Cases (n)	38	13	–	–
HBP (μg/L)	83.08±14.85	115.40±31.53	−3.563	0.003
D-dimer (mg/L FEU)	2.54±0.54	3.09±0.61	−2.914	0.005
SOFA Score	7.97±1.57	11.46±3.78	−3.235	0.006

Table 3 Correlation Between the Levels of HBP and D-Dimer and the SOFA Score in Both Groups at Admission

Item	SOFA Score
	r	P
HBP	0.720	<0.001
D-dimer	0.592	<0.001

Table 4 Predictive Value of HBP and D-Dimer for the Prognosis of Patients with Sepsis

Item	Cut off Point	AUC	95% CI		Standard Error	P	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)
			Lower Limit	Upper Limit
HBP (μg/L)	114.40	0.824	0.690	0.958	0.068	0.001	69.23	69.23
D-dimer (mg/L FEU)	2.61	0.771	0.634	0.909	0.070	0.004	68.42	76.92
Combination of HBP and D-dimer	–	0.830	0.700	0.960	0.066	<0.001	68.42	92.31

Figure 2 ROC curves of HBP, D-dimer, and their combination.

Figure 3 Dynamic changes in HBP and D-dimer levels in both groups within 5 days of admission.

Note: (A) HBP; (B) D-dimer.