Invasive Candidiasis in Patients with Solid Tumors: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Risk Factors for Candida albicans and Non-Candida albicans Infections

	Candida albicans % (n=32)	Non-Candida albicans % (n=211)	P value
Male	23 (71.8%)	139 (65.8%)	NS
Age (years)	62.8 (55.75, 69.5)	62.8 (56, 70)	NS
Length of stay (days)	59.0 (30.25, 62.75)	37.7 (23, 46)	0.0001
Length of stay in ICU	5.9 (0, 8.25)	5.1 (0, 4)	NS
Diabetes	7 (21.8%)	21 (9.9%)	NS
Pancreatitis	1 (3.1%)	1 (0.4%)	NS
Total parenteral nutrition	25 (78.1%)	206 (97.6%)	0.0002
Renal failure	1 (3.1%)	8 (3.7%)	NS
Recent surgery (within 2 weeks)	19 (59.3%)	165 (78.1%)	0.0271
ICU	17 (53.1%)	79 (37.4%)	NS
Hypoproteinemia	26 (81.2%)	149 (70.6%)	NS
Invasive mechanical ventilation	13 (40.6%)	69 (32.7%)	NS
Urinary catheter	30 (93.7%)	193 (91.4%)	NS
Gastric tube	13 (40.6%)	143 (67.7%)	0.0049
Central venous catheter	19 (59.3%)	137 (64.9%)	NS
Drainage catheter	19 (59.3%)	188 (89.0%)	<0.0001
Endotoxic shock	5 (15.6%)	20 (9.4%)	NS
Multiple hospitalizations within 2 years (>2 times)	22 (68.7%)	127 (60.1%)	NS
Persistent candidiasis	12 (37.5%)	70 (33.1%)	NS
Serum albumin level (g/l)	26.6 (23.65, 29.025)	27.8 (24.9, 30.9)	NS
Serum creatinine level (μmol/L)	79.3 (39, 87.75)	70.3 (45.75, 69)	NS
Leukocyte count (10^9/l)	12.2 (7.3875, 14.2675)	7.7 (5.035, 10.075)	< 0.0001
Total bilirubin level (μmol/l)	39.3 (10.125, 58.025)	30.1 (8.85, 26.85)	NS
Neutrophil count (10^9/l)	8.7 (5.12, 11.5675)	6.4 (3.855, 8.065)	0.0014
Lymphocyte count (10^9/l)	1.0 (0.5275, 1.1675)	0.8 (0.465, 0.91)	NS
CRP (mg/l)	127.3 (74.475, 182.25)	95.1 (58.55, 119.75)	NS
PCT (ng/mL)	5.4 (0.2375, 3.4575)	2.3 (0.24, 1.07)	NS

Table 2 Comparisons of Patients That Survived versus Died

	Survived Patients % (n=210)	Deceased Patients % (n=33)	P value
Male	138 (65.7%)	24 (72.7%)	NS
Age (years)	62.2 (55, 69.75)	66.6 (58, 75)	NS
Length of stay (days)	40.0 (24, 46)	43.2 (24, 50)	NS
Length of stay in ICU	3.5 (0, 3)	16.3 (1, 15.25)	< 0.0001
Diabetes	23 (10.9%)	5 (15.1%)	NS
Total parenteral nutrition	208 (99.0%)	23 (69.6%)	<0.0001
Renal failure	3 (1.4%)	6 (18.1%)	0.0003
Recent surgery (within 2 weeks)	171 (81.4%)	13 (39.3%)	<0.0001
ICU	71 (33.8%)	25 (75.7%)	<0.0001
Hypoproteinemia	150 (71.4%)	25 (75.7%)	NS
Invasive mechanical ventilation	63 (30.0%)	19 (57.5%)	0.0028
Urinary catheter	197 (93.8%)	26 (78.7%)	0.0096
Gastric tube	135 (64.2%)	21 (63.6%)	NS
Central venous catheter	132 (62.8%)	24 (72.7%)	NS
Drainage catheter	188 (89.5%)	19 (57.5%)	<0.0001
Endotoxic shock	12 (5.7%)	13 (39.3%)	<0.0001
Multiple hospitalizations within 2 years (>2 times)	123 (58.5%)	26 (78.7%)	0.0336
Persistent candidiasis	64 (30.4%)	18 (54.5%)	0.0095
Serum albumin level (g/l)	27.7 (24.825, 30.775)	27.6 (24.1, 29.4)	NS
Serum creatinine level (μmol/L)	67.2 (45, 69)	98.1 (58, 116)	0.0012
Leukocyte count (10^9/l)	7.8 (5.0225, 10.1025)	11.4 (7.46, 13.85)	< 0.0001
Total bilirubin level (μmol/l)	28.1 (8.825, 25)	52.0 (12.1, 63.6)	0.0102
Neutrophil count (10^9/l)	6.3 (3.8525, 8.2775)	9.2 (5.87, 13.32)	0.0002
Lymphocyte count (10^9/l)	0.8 (0.4725, 0.9475)	0.9 (0.55, 1.11)	NS
CRP (mg/l)	95.7 (57.95, 120.5)	118.0 (70.7, 140.5)	NS
PCT (ng/mL)	2.5 (0.22, 1.025)	4.0 (0.3225, 2.055)	0.0300

Table 3 Logistic Regression Analysis of Prognostic Factors Associated with Death

	β	S	Wald χ^2	P value	OR	95% CI
Length of stay in ICU	0.005	0.002	2.476	0.015	1.036	1.006–1.009
Urinary catheter	−0.301	0.114	−2.638	0.010	0.468	1.036–1.134
Total parenteral nutrition	−0.655	0.172	−3.799	< 0.001	2.426	0.193~0.671
ICU	0.196	0.094	2.073	0.041	2.387	1.156~4.245
Renal failure	0.434	0.129	3.381	0.001	0.483	1.052~2.048
Neutrophil count	0.041	0.012	3.537	< 0.001	0.386	0.183~0.942