Prevalence and Factors Associated with Depression in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Pulmonary Tuberculosis (DM-PTB): A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Characteristics

Variable	Mean (SD) or n (%)
Age, years	31.00 (7.67)
Gender
Male	156 (60.47%)
Female	102 (39.53%)
Marital status
Married	134 (51.94%)
Unmarried	124 (48.06%)
Education
Junior primary	54 (20.93%)
Senior primary secondary and above	204 (79.07%)
Occupation
Unemployed	147 (56.98%)
Employed	111 (43.02%)
Monthly income, yuan (1 yuan ≈ 0.155 USD)
<5000	142 (55.04%)
≥5000	116 (44.96%)
TB treatment duration
<6 months	126 (48.84%)
≥6 months	132 (51.16%)
Sputum bacteria
Positive	107 (41.47%)
Negative	151 (58.53%)
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus	13 (5.04%)
Hemoptysis	29 (11.24%)
Origin of medical costs
Medical insurance	201 (77.91%)
Self-supporting	57 (22.09%)
Nutrition status
NRS2003 ≥ 3	161 (62.40%)
BMI (kg/m^2)	20.10 (2.72)
Hb (g/L)	129.10 (18.03)
ALB (g/L)	40.45 (10.96)
Prealbumin (g/L)	192.88 (68.64)
PHQ-9 ≥ 10	199 (77.13%)
Liver function
GPT (IU/L)	25.13 (30.21)
GOT (IU/L)	24.77 (25.23)
QLICD-PT
Physical function	22.54 (3.97)
Psychological function	29.49 (7.28)
Social function	23.39 (5.87)
Specific function	39.64 (7.54)

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; Hb, hemoglobin; ALB, albumin; GPT, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase; GOT, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase.

Figure 1 Flow chart.

Table 2 Univariate Analysis

Variable	Depression Status		OR (95% CI)	P-value
	PHQ ≥ 10 (n = 199)	PHQ < 10 (n = 59)
Age, years	31.27 ± 7.64	30.10 ± 7.77	1.137 (−3.410–1.070)	0.305
Gender			0.940 (0.520–1.700)	0.838
Male	121	35
Female	78	24
Marital status			0.792 (0.443–1.418)	0.434
Married	106	28
Divorced/unmarried	93	31
Educational level			0.954 (0.465–1.960)	0.899
Junior primary	42	12
Senior primary secondary and above	157	47
Occupation			1.241 (0.686–2.246)	0.475
Unemployed	111	36
Employed	88	23
Monthly Income, Yuan			0.515 (0.286–0.928)	0.026
<5000	117	25
≥5000	82	34
TB treatment duration			1.212 (0.677–2.169)	0.517
<6 months	95	31
≥6 months	104	28
Sputum bacteria
Positive	77	30	0.610 (0.340–1.095)	0.096
Comorbidities
Hypertension	10	3	0.988 (0.263–3.713)	0.985
Hemoptysis	24	5	1.481 (0.539–4.069)	0.444
Source of medical costs			1.144 (0.560–2.341)	0.712
Medical insurance	154	47
Self-supporting	45	12
Nutrition screening			2.306 (1.269–4.191)	0.005
NRS2002 ≥ 3	143	31
NRS2002 < 3	56	28
Nutrition status
BMI (kg/m^2)	19.8 3 (2.52)	21.01 (3.16)	0.396 (0.402–1.963)	0.003
Hb (g/L)	128.06 (18.25)	132.61 (16.96)	2.663 (−0.694–9.794)	0.089
ALB (g/L)	40.72 (12.86)	39.29 (4.20)	1.625 (−4.706–1.696)	0.355
Prealbumin (g/L)	189.95 (71.37)	202.78 (57.97)	10.164 (−7.185–32.845)	0.208
QLICD-PT
Overall	114.60 (12.51)	116.63 (12.75)	1.863 (−1.645–5.693)	0.278
Physical function	21.68 (3.75)	25.45 (3.26)	0.540 (0.271–4.842)	<0.001
Psychological function	30.27 (6.79)	26.86 (8.26)	1.059 (−5.488–1.316)	0.001
Social function	24.28 (5.62)	20.41 (5.75)	0.838 (−5.520–2.219)	<0.001
Specific function	38.38 (7.48)	43.90 (6.09)	1.066 (1.760–7.615)	<0.001
Liver function
GPT (IU/L)	27.5 0 (33.56)	17.14 (10.64)	4.439 (1.625–19.109)	0.020
GOT (IU/L)	26.95 (28.04)	17.42 (8.15)	3.700 (5.089–13.963)	0.011

Table 3 Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis

Variable	OR (95% CI)	P-value
NRS2002	2.299 (1.095–4.825)	0.028
GPT (IU/L)	1.048 (1.018–1.079)	0.002
Physical function	0.798 (0.716–0.889)	<0.001
Social function	1.103 (1.033–1.179)	0.004

Data Sharing Statement

The data generated in this study are available within the article and its Supplementary File.