Analysis of Echocardiographic Findings of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia

Figures & data

Table 1 Shows Patients’ Related Features

Variable	N (%)
Age, years
20–40	30(9.5%)
41–60	75(23.8%)
>61 yrs	210(66.7%)
Gender
Male	178(56.5%)
Female	137(43.5%)
Comorbidities
Hypertension	99(31.4%)
DM	72(22.9%)
Prior stroke or TIA	10(3.2%)
Heart Disease	14(4.4%)
Hyperlipidemia	37(11.7)
Cancer	14(4.4%)
Thyroid Disease	1(0.3%)
Respiratory Disease	4(1.3%)
None	64(20.3%)
Ischemic Stroke Subtypes
MCA	146(46.3%)
ACA	45(14.3%)
Vertebrobasilar	63(20%)
Lacunar	61(19.4%)

Abbreviations: DM, Diabetes Mellitus; MCA, Middle cerebral artery; ACA, Anterior Cerebral Artery; TIA, transient ischemic attack.

Table 2 Findings of Transthoracic Echocardiography

Mitral Valve	Normal	243	77.1%
	MR1	54	17.1%
	MR2	14	4.4%
	MR3	2	0.6%
	Moderate Stenosis	1	0.3%
	Severe Stenosis	1	0.3%
Tricuspid Valve	Normal	262	83.2%
	TR1	37	11.7%
	TR2	13	4.1%
	TR3	3	1%
Pulmonary Valve	Normal	313	99.4%
	PR1	2	0.6%
Aortic Valve	Normal	273	86.7%
	AR1	37	11.7%
	AR2	2	0.6%
	AR3	1	0.3%
	Moderate Stenosis	2	0.6%
Intra-atrial septum	Intact	312	99%
	ASD	2	0.6%
	Foramen Ovale	1	0.3%
IV septum	Intact	314	99.7%
	VSD	1	0.3%
Pericordium	Intact	306	97%
	Effusion	9	3%
Wall motion Abnormality	Present	30	9.5%
	Absent	285	90.5%
Intracardiac Thrombus	Present	15	4.8%
	Absent	300	95.2%
LVDD	Normal	214	67.9%
	Grade 1	94	29.8%
	Grade 2	7	2.2%
LVH	Normal	202	64.1%
	Mild LVH	70	22.2%
	Moderate LVH	39	12.4%
	Severe LVH	4	1.3%
Pulmonary Hypertension	None	286	90.8%
	Mild	10	3.2%
	Moderate	14	4.4%
	Severe	5	1.6%

Abbreviations: LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; LVDD, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction; IV, intraventricular; TR, tricuspid regurgitation; MR, mitral regurgitation; AR, aortic regurgitation; PR, pulmonary regurgitation.

Figure 1 Shows distribution of comorbidities versus gender of the patients.

Table 3 Distribution of Comorbidities Among Different Age Groups

		Age of the Patients
		20–40 Years	41–60 Years	>60 Years
Comorbidity	Hypertension	7(23.3%)	15(20.0%)	77(36.7%)
	Diabetes	0(0.0%)	24(32.0%)	48(22.9%)
	Prior stroke/TIA	0(0.0%)	5(6.7%)	5(2.4%)
	Heart Disease	1(3.3%)	4(5.3%)	9(4.3%)
	Hyperlipidemia	3(10.0%)	5(6.7%)	29(13.8%)
	Cancer	2(6.7%)	3(4.0%)	9(4.3%)
	Thyroid Disease	0(0.0%)	0(0.0%)	1(0.5%)
	None	17(56.7%)	19(25.3%)	28(13.3%)
	Respiratory Disease	0(0.0%)	0(0.0%)	4(1.9%)

Table 4 Characteristics of Patients in Terms of Echo Findings

Characteristic	Normal Echocardiography	No. (%) of Patients with Abnormal Echocardiography	P value
Mean Age (yrs)	60±4	61±3	0.538
Gender, Male	83(62.9%)	95(51.9%)	0.281
Hypertension	43(32.6%)	56(30.6%)	0.047
DM	27(20.5%)	45(24.6%)	0.024
Dyslipidemia	18(13.6%)	19(10.4%)	0.092
Smoking	22(14.6%)	27(16.5%)	0.091
Prior stroke or TIA	3(2.3%)	7(3.8%)	0.088
Major Stroke per NIHSS Score	21(15.2%)	41(22.4%)	0.180
Intrahospital mortality	19(14.4%)	49(26.8%)	0.008

Abbreviations: DM, Diabetes Mellitus; TIA, Transient Ischemic Attack; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.