169
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Infectious Diseases

The Diagnostic Value of Kinetics of NLR to Identify Secondary Pulmonary Bacterial Infection Among COVID-19 Patients at Single Tertiary Hospital in Indonesia

ORCID Icon, , , ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 3281-3289 | Received 17 Apr 2023, Accepted 25 Jul 2023, Published online: 01 Aug 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1 Study flow chart.

Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; ICD-10, International Classification of Disease version 10; n, number of patients.
Figure 1 Study flow chart.

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Study Population

Table 2 Distribution of Identified Pathogens Among COVID-19 Patients with (Proven) Secondary Pulmonary Bacterial Infection Group

Figure 2 Box-plots distribution of NLR values on D1 and D3 among COVID-19 patients with (proven) and without (non-proven) secondary pulmonary bacterial infection. Thick black line, median value; blue or red box, 25th–75th quartile range; thin bars, range of values excluding outliers.

Abbreviations: D1, day 1, first day on admission; D3, day 3, third day (72 hours thereafter); p, p-value; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.
Figure 2 Box-plots distribution of NLR values on D1 and D3 among COVID-19 patients with (proven) and without (non-proven) secondary pulmonary bacterial infection. Thick black line, median value; blue or red box, 25th–75th quartile range; thin bars, range of values excluding outliers.

Figure 3 Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves of NLR for differentiating COVID- 19 patient with (proven) and without (non-proven) secondary pulmonary bacterial infection. (A) ROC curves of NLR based on first day on admission (D1); (B) ROC curves of NLR based on third day or 72 hours thereafter (D3).

Abbreviations: COV, cut-off value; AUC, area under curve value; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.
Figure 3 Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves of NLR for differentiating COVID- 19 patient with (proven) and without (non-proven) secondary pulmonary bacterial infection. (A) ROC curves of NLR based on first day on admission (D1); (B) ROC curves of NLR based on third day or 72 hours thereafter (D3).