Clinical Characteristics of Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica: A Retrospective Study of 33 Patients

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Clinical Characteristics of 33 Patients

Variables	No. (%) or Median (IQR)
Age (yr), median (Q1, Q3)	54 (47, 61)
Sex, n (%)
Male	17 (51.5)
Female	16 (48.5)
Signs and symptoms, n (%)
Cough	15 (45.5)
Fever	6 (18.2)
Chest tightness	4 (12.1)
Haemoptysis	3 (9.1)
Chest pain	4 (12.1)
Asymptomatic	6 (18.2)
Associated lung diseases, n (%)
Lung cancer	2 (6.1)
Pulmonary tuberculosis	16 (48.5)
Nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases	3 (9.1)
Tuberculous pleurisy	3 (9.1)
Bronchiectasis	2 (6.1)
Pneumonia	1 (3.0)
Smoking history, n (%)
Never	26 (78.8)
Former	5 (15.2)
Present	2 (6.1)
Reason for bronchoscopy, n (%)
Suspected pulmonary tuberculosis or non tuberculosis	23 (69.7)
Suspected lung tumor	1 (3.0)
Assessment of bronchial tuberculosis treatment outcomes	7 (21.2)
Interventional treatment of bronchial lesion	1 (3.0)
Mediastinal occupancy	1 (3.0)

Table 2 Radiologic, and Histopathologic Tests

Variables	No. (%)
Chest CT, n (%)
Calcified nodules	10 (30.3)
Normal	23 (69.7)
Involved sites on bronchoscopy, n (%)
Entire trachea	21 (63.6)
Extending to both main bronchi	5 (15.2)
Extending to both main bronchi and involving lower bronchi	5 (15.2)
Partially involved only on the trachea	12 (36.4)
Involved upper trachea	3 (9.1)
Involved upper and middle trachea	3 (9.1)
Involved middle and lower trachea	4 (12.1)
Involved lower trachea	2 (6.1)
Bronchoscopic stage, n (%)
Stage I	8 (24.2)
Stage II	19 (57.6)
Stage III	6 (18.2)
Histopathologic findings, n (%)
Cartilaginous	15 (45.5)
Bony tissues	18 (54.5)
Squamous metaplasia	3 (9.1)

Figure 1 Chest CT results of TO demonstrated calcified nodules in the anterolateral wall protruding into the tracheal lumen. (A) Calcified nodules in the anterior wall (arrow). (B) Calcified nodules in the lateral wall (arrow).

Figure 2 Bronchoscopic results of TO in different stages. (A) Stage I: Scattered nodular protrusions in the lower part of the trachea near the bulge; (B) Stage II: Diffuse distribution of nodular protrusions on the anterior and lateral walls of the trachea; (C and D) Stage III: Deformation and narrowing of the lumen.

Figure 3 Histopathological findings of TO illustrateTracheal mucosa intact. (A) Nodular cartilaginous tissue with calcification; (B) Nodular cartilaginous tissue and mature bone tissue with calcification; (C) Squamous epithelial metaplasia of the tracheal mucosa and nodular mature cartilage and bone tissue were seen in the interstitium.