Age- and Gender-Specific Diagnostic Value of the Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio for the Early Screening of Chronic Kidney Disease Among Middle-Aged and Elderly Males in Southeast China

Figures & data

Table 1 Comparison of the Abnormal Rate of ACR in Different Genders (%)

	ACR Normal	ACR Abnormal	χ^2	P value
Male	7088 (95.1%)	367 (4.9%)	13.440	<0.001
Female	4542 (96.5%)	166 (3.5%)

Table 2 Differences in Relevant Indexes Between Different Groups of Urinary ACR Levels

Variable	ACR<30 (n = 11,630)	ACR30~300 (n = 476)	ACR>300 (n = 57)	F	P
Age (Year)	47.48±12.09	54.94±13.95^a	56.65±15.26^a	75.360	<0.001
BMI (Kg/m^2)	24.22±3.31	26.20±4.17^a	26.19±4.68^a	57.239	<0.001
SBP (mmHg)	124.72±16.26	140.86±19.91^a	150.98±24.85^ab	182.008	<0.001
DBP (mmHg)	78.17±11.56	86.54±13.37^a	89.51±14.66^a	106.251	<0.001
Waistline(cm)	84.15±10.25	90.08±11.20^a	90.19±12.75^a	70.006	<0.001
GLU (mmol/L)	5.37±0.94	6.47±2.40^a	6.76±2.69^a	56.441	<0.001
HbA1C (%)	5.76±0.62	6.45±1.35^a	6.68±1.79^a	69.262	<0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.28±0.34	1.16±0.31^a	1.19±0.43	31.247	<0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L)	3.09±0.86	3.13±0.96	3.13±1.14	0.520	0.596
TC (mmol/L)	5.13±0.94	5.24±1.09	5.31±1.18	3.085	0.049
TG (mmol/L)	1.59±1.24	2.18±1.80^a	2.21±1.03^a	34.377	<0.001

Notes: ^aP < 0.05, compared with the ACR < 30 group, ^bP<0.05 compared with the ACR 30–300 group.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; Glu, fasting blood glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.

Figure 1 CKD related indexes eGFR (A), sCr (B), BUN (C), UA (D) among ACR < 30, ACR 30–300 and ACR >300 groups. *p<0.05, ***p<0.001.

Abbreviations: eGFR, glomerular filtration rate; sCr, creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; UA, uric acid.

Figure 2 Correlation between eGFR and CKD related indexes in the microalbuminuria group (A) and macroalbuminuria group (B).

Abbreviations: eGFR, glomerular filtration rate; sCr, creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; UA, uric acid.

Table 3 Differences in CKD Stages Between Different Urinary ACR Groups

	ACR Normal (n = 11,630)	ACR Abnormal (n = 533)	Statistic	P value
CKD1 stage	10,001 (86.0%)	358 (67.1%)	χ^2 = 142.993	<0.001
CKD2 stage	1582 (13.6%)	144 (27.0%)	χ^2 = 75.311	<0.001
CKD3 stage	47 (0.4%)	28 (5.3%)	Fisher exact test	<0.001
CKD4 stage	0 (0.0%)	2 (0.4%)	Fisher exact test	0.002
CKD5 stage	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.2%)	Fisher exact test	0.044

Figure 3 Comparison of CKD-related indices among groups with different urinary ACR at 20–40 years (A), 41–60 years (B) and >61 years (C). *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.

Abbreviations: eGFR, glomerular filtration rate; sCr, creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; UA, uric acid; NS, not significant.

Figure 4 Comparison of CKD-related indices among males (A) and females (B) with different urinary ACR at 41–60. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.

Abbreviations: eGFR, glomerular filtration rate; sCr, creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; UA, uric acid; NS, not significant.

Figure 5 Comparison of CKD-related indices among males (A) and females (B) with different urinary ACR at >61. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.

Abbreviations: eGFR, glomerular filtration rate; sCr, creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; UA, uric acid; NS, not significant.