Health Related Quality of Life and Associated Factors Among Adult Patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease Patients in Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of RHD Patients in Selected Government Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021 (n = 297)

Variables	Frequency (%)
Sex
Male	86(29)
Female	211(71)
Age group
18–30	148(49.8)
31–40	74(24.9)
41–50	46(15.5)
51–60	12(4)
>60	17(5.7)
Residency
Urban	236(79.5)
Rural	61(20.5)
Marital status
Married	138(46.5)
Single	131(44.1)
Divorced	16(5.4)
Widowed/widower	12(4)
Educational stautus
Illiterate	49(16.5)
Writing and reading only	11(3.7)
Primary school*	53(17.8)
Secondary school**	56(18.9)
Preparatory***	38(12.8)
Diploma and above	90(30.3)
Occupation
Private employee	22(7.4)
Government employee	41(13.8)
Self-employment	92(31)
NGO employee	8(2.7)
House wife	100(33.7)
Student	34(11.4)

Notes: *Primary school- grade 1–8, **Secondary school- grade 9 and 10, ***Preparatory- two year study before university entrance.

Table 2 Clinical Characteristics of RHD Patients in Selected Government Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021 (n = 297)

Variables	Frequency (%)
Comorbid illness
No	241(81.1)
Yes	56(18.9)
Type of comorbid illness
Asthma	4(7.1)
Chronic kidney disease	5(8.9)
Diabetes mellitus	12(21.4)
Hypertension	23(41.1)
Others	12(21.4)
Numbers of medications
≤ 2	119(40.1)
3–5	143(48.1)
≥ 6	35(11.8)
Had intervention
No	250(84.2)
Yes	47(15.8)
Type of intervention
Aortic valve replacement	2(4.3)
Mitral valve repair	3(6.4)
Mitral valve replacement	20(42.6)
Aortic and mitral valve replacement	2(4.3)
Percutaneous mitral balloon valvulotomy	20(42.6)
Complication related to RHD or intervention
No	268(90.2)
Yes	29(9.8)

Table 3 Reliability, Central Tendency, and Variability of Scales in This Study

Scale	Items	Alpha	Mean	SD	Lower Limit of 95% CI	Upper Limit of 95% CI
Physical functioning	10	0.92	64.8	29.7	61.4	68.2
Role functioning/physical	4	0.97	58.2	47.2	52.8	63.4
Role functioning/emotional	3	0.95	59.5	46.9	54.2	64.8
Energy/fatigue	4	0.67	52.9	23.8	50.2	55.7
Emotional well-being	5	0.79	67.7	22.8	65.1	70.3
Social functioning	2	0.71	70.3	31.7	66.7	73.9
Pain	2	0.89	69.4	34.7	65.4	73.4
General health	5	0.73	61.4	25.3	58.5	64.3
Physical health*	21	0.93	43.9	11	42.6	45.1
Mental health*	14	0.88	45.9	23.1	44.6	47.2

Note: *Summary score.

Table 4 Factors Associated with HRQoL in Relation with SF-36 Lower Centile of Summary Scores in Patients with RHD in Selected Government Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021 (n = 297)

Variables	Physical Summary Score				Mental Summary Score
	≤ Lower Quartile n (%)	> Lower Quartile n (%)	P value	AOR (95CI)	≤ Lower Quartile n (%)	> Lower Quartile n (%)	P value	AOR (95% CI)
Age group
<30 years	26(34.7)	103(46.4)		1	28(37.8)	101(45.3)		1
31–40 years	14(18.7)	53(23.9)	0.119	0.38(0.11–1.29)	12(16.2)	55(24.7)	0.01	0.39(0.19–0.80)
41–50 years	5(6.7)	28(12.6)	0.277	1.98(0.58–6.80)	4(5.4)	28(13)	0.08	0.32(0.13–1.42)
51–60 years	8(10.7)	9(4.1)	0.260	1.98(0.58–3.80)	9(12.2)	8(3.6)	0.09	0.20(0.10–1.12)
>60 years	22(29.3)	29(13.1)	0.04	1.63(1.21–3.78)	21(28.4)	30(13.5)	0.04	1.55(1.40–4.82)
Place of residence
Urban	7(62.7)	189(85.1)		1	47(63.5)	189(84.8)		1
Rural	289(37.3)	33(14.9)	0.01	2.7(1.33–5.62)	288(36.5)	34(15.2)	0.01	3.2(1.70–4.05)
Student	5(6.7)	27(12.2)	0.35	0.46(0.10–2.35)	6(8.1)	26(11.7)	0.87	1.12(0.27–4.61)
Marital status
Married	31(41.3)	84(37.8)		1	27(36.5)	88(39.5)		1
Single	27(36)	100(45)	0.49	0.76(0.35–1.67)	31(41.9)	96(43)	0.49	1.27(0.65–2.46)
Divorced	10(13.3)	14(6.3)	0.04	3.13(1.20–9.53)	9(12.2)	15(6.7)	0.04	2.79(1.30–7.92)
Widowed/widower	7(9.3)	24(10.8)	0.44	0.63(0.19–2.08)	7(9.5)	24(10.8)	0.66	1.27(0.43–3.75)
Comorbid illness
No	36(48)	180(81.1)		1	42(56.8)	174(78)		1
Yes	39(52)	42(18.9)	0.01	3.4(1.72–6.87)	32(43.2)	49(22)	0.04	1.5(1.12–2.95)
Number of medications the patient was taking
<2	13(17.3)	106(47.7)		1	17(23)	102(45.7)		1
3–5	53(70.7)	90(40.5)	0.01	3.60(1.69–7.60)	51(68.9)	92(41.3)	0.01	3.20(1.61–6.28)
>6	9(12)	26(11.7)	0.04	3.10(1.03–4.21)	6(8.1)	29(13)	0.60	1.34(0.45–4.05)
Intervention done
No	66(88)	153(68.9)		1	63(85.1)	156(70)		1
Yes	9(12)	69(31.1)	0.04	0.42(0.18–0.97)	11(14.9)	67(30)	0.03	0.43(0.20–0.94)

Note: P-value<0.05 showed significant association.

Abbreviation: AOR, Adjusted Odd Ratio.

Figure 1 Comparison of general population normative value with this study.