Prediction Score for Clinical Outcome of Chinese Patients with Cerebral Venous Thrombosis

Figures & data

Table 1 The Detailed Data of Reported Prognostic Markers in Chinese CVT Patients

Prognostic Markers	Total (N = 170)	Good Outcome (mRS ≤ 1, N = 141)	Poor Outcome (mRS > 1, N = 29)	P-value
Age (years)	35.71±1.03	34.73±1.14	40.58±2.20	0.0331*
Male, n (%)	75 (44.12%)	61 (43.26%)	14 (48.27%)	0.6205
Decreased LOC, n (%)	24 (14.12%)	16 (11.35%)	8 (27.59%)	0.0222*
New-onset epilepsy, n (%)	55 (32.35%)	40 (28.39%)	15 (51.72%)	0.0143*
Mental disorders, n (%)	2 (1.18%)	1 (0.71%)	1 (3.45%)	0.2128
Malignancy, n (%)	2 (1.18%)	2 (1.42%)	0 (0.00%)	0.5188
CNS infection, n (%)	3 (1.76%)	3 (2.13%)	0 (0.00%)	0.4281
Deep venous system thrombosis, n (%)	7 (4.12%)	6 (4.17%)	1 (3.45%)	0.8421
Use of OCPs, n (%)	14 (8.24%)	10 (7.09%)	4 (15.38%)	0.2319
DBP (mmHg)	78.17±0.97	77.22±1.09	82.21±1.98	0.0436*
Papilledema, n (%)	95 (55.88%)	75 (53.19%)	20 (68.97%)	0.1192
Number of sinuses involved > 3, n (%)	95 (55.88%)	82 (58.16%)	13 (44.83%)	0.1880
Parenchymal lesions, n (%)	60 (35.29%)	42 (29.79%)	18 (62.07%)	0.0009*
CRP (mg/L)	20.58±2.70	18.23±2.78	31.93±7.96	0.0559
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)	7.66±2.27	8.07±2.73	5.64±0.24	0.6883
NLR	6.02±1.11	4.32±0.59	14.05±5.27	0.0006*
NSE (ng/mL)	16.26±1.18	14.24±0.62	26.06±5.79	0.0001*
Platelet (10^9/L)	256.50±8.91	255.50±9.17	261.00±28.03	0.8191
Serum sodium (mmol/L)	139.60±0.45	139.70±0.49	139.00±1.20	0.5659

Note: *P<0.05.

Abbreviations: LOC, level of consciousness; CNS, central nervous system; OCPs, oral contraceptive pills; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; CRP, C-reactive protein; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; NSE, neuron specific enolase.

Table 2 Univariate Logistic Regression Between Reported Prognostic Markers at Baseline and the Clinical Outcome at the 6-Month Follow-Up in Chinese CVT Patients

Prognostic Markers	OR	P-value
Age	1.036	0.036*
Male	1.117	0.797
Decreased LOC	2.800	0.048*
New-onset epilepsy	2.486	0.038*
Mental disorders	5.120	0.254
Malignancy	0.000	0.999
CNS infection	0.000	0.999
Deep venous system thrombosis	0.000	0.999
Use of OCPs	2.424	0.169
DBP	1.043	0.047*
Papilledema	1.481	0.372
Number of sinuses involved > 3	0.617	0.264
Parenchymal lesions	4.523	0.001*
CRP	4.160	0.002*
Fasting blood glucose	0.994	0.743
NLR	1.149	0.012*
NSE	1.073	0.008*
Platelet	1.000	0.818
Serum sodium	0.959	0.562

Note: *P<0.05.

Abbreviations: LOC, level of consciousness; CNS, central nervous system; OCPs, oral contraceptive pills; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; CRP, C-reactive protein; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; NSE, neuron specific enolase; OR, odds ratio.

Figure 1 Analysis of the ROC curve to determine cut-off values. The ROC analysis was utilized to identify the cut-off values for age (A), DBP (B), CRP (C), NLR (D), and NSE (E).

Table 3 Multivariate Logistic Regression Between Identified Prognostic Markers at Baseline and the Clinical Outcome at the 6-Month Follow-Up in Chinese CVT Patients

Prognostic Markers	OR	P-value
Age > 27.5 years	6.137	0.036*
Decreased LOC	1.339	0.713
New-onset epilepsy	2.282	0.223
DBP > 79.5 mmHg	8.041	0.003*
Parenchymal lesions	2.105	0.315
CRP > 30 mg/L	0.864	0.836
NLR > 6.6	15.578	0.000*
NSE > 16.5 ng/mL	4.572	0.015*

Abbreviations: LOC, level of consciousness; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; CRP, C-reactive protein; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; NSE, neuron specific enolase; OR, odds ratio; *P<0.05.

Table 4 Determination of CVT Outcome Score for Chinese Patients

Prognostic Markers		Risk Point
Age	> 27.5 years	1
	≤ 27.5 years	0
NSE	> 16.5 ng/mL	1
	≤ 16.5 ng/mL	0
DBP	> 79.5 mmHg	2
	≤ 79.5 mmHg	0
NLR	> 6.6	3
	≤ 6.6	0

Abbreviations: NSE, neuron specific enolase; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.

Figure 2 Validation of the CVT outcome score. (A) The CVT outcome score at baseline exhibited a positive correlation with mRS at a 6-month follow-up period. (B) A CVT outcome score of 3.5 was identified as a cut-off value to predict the clinical outcome of CVT. (C) Patients with a CVT risk score greater than 3 displayed a significantly higher mRS score compared to those with scores less than or equal to 3. *P<0.05.