Health-Related Quality of Life and Influencing Factors in Coronary Heart Disease Based on the Scale QLICD-CHD (V2.0): A Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Sample (n=189)

Characteristics	N	%	Characteristics	N	%
Gender			Family economy
Male	118	62.4	Poor	51	27.0
Female	71	37.6	Moderate	117	61.9
Nation			Good	21	11.1
Han	187	98.9	Medical insurance
Others	2	1.1	Urban employee Medical format	146	77.2
Marriage			Cooperative medical care	32	16.9
Married	160	84.7	Self-paid	8	4.2
Single	29	15.3	Missing	3	1.7
Type			Treatment
Angina	112	59.3	Thrombolytic therapy	158	83.6
Myocardial infarction	71	37.6	Interventional therapy	25	13.2
Occupation			Missing	6	3.2
Worker	35	18.5	Education
Farmer	62	32.8	Primary school	65	34.4
Teacher	13	6.9	Junior high school	39	20.6
Cadre	43	22.8	Senior high School and above	85	45
Self-employed	10	5.3	Clinical course
Others	26	13.8	Acute attacks	133	70.4
			Paracmasia	49	25.9

Table 2 The Standardized Scores of Quality of Life in CHD Patients by QLICD-CHD (V2.0)

Domains	(Mean±SD)	Minimum	Maximum
Physical function (PHD)	63.84±16.23	11.11	100.00
Psychological function (PSD)	63.07±17.22	20.45	100.00
Social function(SOD)	73.67±15.57	21.88	100.00
Special module(SPD)	57.63±14.73	19.64	89.29
Total scale score(TOT)	63.44±12.27	29.17	95.24

Table 3 Univariate Analysis of Quality of Life in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

	Variables	Worker& Farmer	Others		t	P
Occupation	Number	97	92
	PHD	64.00±16.06	63.67±16.49		0.138	0.891
	PSD	63.33±16.19	62.79±18.32		0.213	0.832
	SOD	72.10±15.74	75.33±15.29		−1.433	0.154
	SPD	57.62±14.38	57.64±15.16		−0.012	0.990
	TOT	63.24±11.84	63.65±12.77		−0.232	0.817
Gender	Variables	Male	Female		t	P
	Number	118	71
	PHD	62.97±16.94	65.29±14.97		−0.954	0.341
	PSD	63.62±16.23	62.16±18.55		0.561	0.576
	SOD	72.77±16.34	75.17±14.18		−1.026	0.306
	SPD	58.36±13.98	56.41±15.92		0.883	0.378
	TOT	63.47±12.13	63.40±12.59		0.041	0.967
Marriage	Variables	Single	Married		t	P
	Number	29	160
	PHD	63.12±17.18	63.97±16.10		−0.260	0.795
	PSD	67.31±17.96	62.30±17.02		1.448	0.149
	SOD	78.34±13.25	72.83±15.84		1.762	0.080
	SPD	58.12±15.19	57.54±14.69		0.845	0.845
	TOT	65.45±12.64	63.08±12.21		0.959	0.339
Education	Variables	Primary school	High school	>High school	F	P
	Number	65	39	85
	PHD	63.63±16.38	62.53±16.18	64.60±16.28	0.224	0.799
	PSD	59.40±15.87	67.13±17.29	64.01±17.81	2.733	0.068
	SOD	70.62±17.51	72.19±14.06	76.69±14.22^b	3.083	0.048
	SPD	56.45±13.92	57.28±14.37	58.69±15.56	0.438	0.646
	TOT	61.46±11.63	63.82±11.70	64.78±12.92	1.375	0.255
Family economy	Variables	Poor	Moderate	Good	F	P
	Number	51	117	21
	PHD	62.25±16.68	63.86±16.13	67.59±15.79	0.803	0.450
	PSD	56.41±14.16	64.82±17.57^b	69.48±17.91^b	6.190	0.002
	SOD	67.83±13.83	74.30±15.54^b	84.37±13.76^bc	9.415	<0.001
	SPD	54.65±14.18	58.92±15.30	57.65±12.11	1.501	0.226
	TOT	59.25±11.36	64.45±12.41^b	67.97±11.28^b	5.002	0.008
Type	Variables	Angina	Myocardial infarction		t	P
	Number	112	71
	PHD	66.66±15.01^a	59.15±17.26^a		3.111	0.002
	PSD	63.77±18.25	61.20±15.39		1.025	0.307
	SOD	73.32±16.01	73.98±15.42		−0.278	0.783
	SPD	59.51±14.60^a	54.67±4.73^a		2.177	0.031
	TOT	64.79±12.73^a	61.02±11.35^a		2.035	0.043
Clinical course	Variables	Acute attacks	Paracmasia		t	P
	Number	133	49
	PHD	61.29±16.42^a	70.29±14.25^a		−3.390	0.001
	PSD	60.78±16.49^a	68.36±18.17^a		−2.677	0.008
	SOD	72.81±15.96	75.82±15.21		−1.144	0.254
	SPD	56.09±14.79	62.09±14.09		−2.459	0.015
	TOT	61.62±11.98^a	68.11±12.17^a		−3.226	0.043
Treatment	Variables	Thrombolytic therapy	Interventional therapy		t	P
	Number	158	25
	PHD	65.01±15.51^a	55.77±18.99^a		2.678	0.008
	PSD	63.55±17.37	57.90±15.54		1.529	0.128
	SOD	74.34±15.72	68.75±15.30		1.659	0.099
	SPD	58.90±14.72^a	49.64±12.88^a		2.969	0.003
	TOT	64.37±12.16^a	56.76±11.50^a		2.928	0.004

Notes: ^aP<0.05; Multiple comparison by LSD-t test after ANOVA:^bP<0.05, compared with the first level; ^cP<0.05, compared with the second level.

Abbreviations: PHD, Physical function; PSD, Psychological function; SOD, Social function; SPD, Special module; TOT, Total scale score.

Table 4 Simple Correlation Analysis Between Scores of Quality of Life and Clinical Indicators (r)

Clinical Indicators	Physical Function	Psychological Function	Social Function	Special Module	Total Scale Score
Total protein	0.300**	0.036	0.100	0.050	0.142
Albumin	0.334**	0.070	0.093	0.065	0.169*
Globular proteins	0.188*	0.004	0.113	−0.015	0.076
Alanine aminotransferase	−0.223**	−0.078	−0.034	−0.057	−0.123
Aspartate transaminase	−0.184*	−0.043	0.003	−0.043	−0.084
Total bilirubin	−0.035	0.093	−0.004	0.171*	0.091
Indirect bilirubin	0.023	0.102	0.010	0.193*	0.123
Prealbumin	0.231**	0.052	0.075	0.030	0.114
Blood urea nitrogen	−0.199**	−0.057	0.056	−0.028	−0.075
Serum creatinine	−0.217**	−0.105	−0.067	−0.034	−0.130
Chloride	0.182*	0.112	0.128	−0.030	0.112
Serum calcium	0.202**	0.010	0.094	0.124	0.133
Serum phosphorus	−0.052	−0.188*	−0.009	−0.134	−0.139
Percentage of lymphocyte population	0.146*	0.112	0.068	0.082	0.132
Red blood cell count	0.241**	0.081	0.030	0.015	0.112
Haemoglobin	0.200**	0.032	−0.047	0.085	0.092
Hematocrit	0.222**	0.038	−0.033	0.082	0.102
Platelet distribution width	−0.076	−0.087	−0.159*	0.083	−0.059

Notes: The r in the table represents the correlation coefficient. *P< 0.05. **P<0.01.

Table 5 The Variable Assignment of Multiple Linear Regression

Variables	Description/Recoding	Variables	Description/Recoding
Type(X1)	Angina = 1, myocardial infarction= 2	Alanine aminotransferase(X13)	Measured value
Clinical course (X2)	Acute attacks= 1, paracmasia = 2	Aspartate transaminase(X14)	Measured value
Family economy(X3)	Poor = 1, moderate = 2, good = 3	Globular proteins(X15)	Measured value
Education(X4)	Primary school=1 Junior high school=2 Senior high school and above=3	Serum creatinine(X16)	Measured value
Treatment(X5)	Thrombolytic therapy=1 Interventional therapy =2	Serum calcium(X17)	Measured value
Total protein(X6)	Measured value	SERUM phosphorus (X18)	Measured value
Albumin(X7)	Measured value	Percentage of lymphocyte population(X19)	Measured value
Total bilirubin(X8)	Measured value	Red blood cell count(X20)	Measured value
Indirect bilirubin(X9)	Measured value	Haemoglobin(X21)	Measured value
Prealbumin(X10)	Measured value	Hematocrit(X22)	Measured value
Blood urea nitrogen (X11)	Measured value	Platelet distribution width(X23)	Measured value
Chloride(X12)	Measured value

Table 6 Factors Influencing Quality of Life Scores in CHD Screened by Multiple Linear Regression Analysis

Domains	Factors	B	Std. Error	Standardized B	t	P
PHD	Constants	−141.644	39.359		−3.599	<0.001
	Treatment	−9.031	3.243	−0.193	−2.784	0.006
	Albumin	1.000	0.339	0.231	2.948	0.004
	Globular proteins	0.612	0.293	0.155	2.088	0.038
	Chloride	1.320	0.331	0.282	3.990	<0.001
	Red blood cell count	5.161	2.059	0.190	2.506	0.013
PSD	Constants	57.151	9.218		6.200	<0.001
	Family economy	7.487	2.181	0.252	3.433	0.001
	Clinical course	6.411	2.917	0.160	2.198	0.029
	Serum phosphorus	−16.458	6.295	−0.190	−2.614	0.010
	Percentage of lymphocyte population	0.090	0.044	0.151	2.063	0.041
SOD	Constants	4.869	34.642		0.141	0.888
	Family economy	7.391	1.946	0.275	3.798	<0.001
	Blood urea nitrogen	1.331	0.513	0.281	2.595	0.010
	Serum creatinine	−0.060	0.026	−0.247	−2.284	0.024
	Platelet distribution width	−0.929	0.406	−0.166	−2.288	0.023
SPD	Constants	13.770	25.576		0.538	0.591
	Treatment	−7.791	3.164	−0.184	−2.462	0.015
	Indirect bilirubin	0.414	0.205	0.152	2.019	0.045
	Serum calcium	23.017	10.436	0.172	2.205	0.029
TOT	Constant	−0.598	37.946		−1.574	0.117
	Family economy	5.209	1.546	0.245	3.369	0.001
	Treatment	−6.615	2.561	−0.186	−2.583	0.011
	Indirect bilirubin	0.378	0.168	0.165	2.253	0.026
	Albumin	0.548	0.239	0.166	2.292	0.023

Note: B: Regression coefficients.

Abbreviations: PHD, Physical function; PSD, Psychological function; SOD, Social function; SPD, Special module; TOT, Total scale score.