Variations in Post-Operative Electrolyte in Coronary Artery Intervention

Figures & data

Table 1 Demography of Subject

Parameter	Hypokalemia	Non-Hypokalemia	χ^2	p value	Statistics Method
Subject numbers	56	318		–	–
Gender (Male)	34	174	7.11	0.006	Chi-square test
Age (≥60y)	46	192	9.45	0.001	Student’s t-test
HP	42	158	12.3	<0.001	Chi-square test
DM	26	78	11.4	<0.001	Chi-square test
Tumor	0	18	3.33	0.07	Chi-square test
Gastrointestinal diseases	2	72	10.9	<0.001	Chi-square test
Thyroid disease	4	40	1.36	0.20	Chi-square test
Smoking history	12	100	2.28	0.09	Chi-square test
Drinking history	6	42	0.27	0.003	Chi-square test

Abbreviations: HP, hypertension; DM diabetes.

Figure 1 Study design flowchart.

Table 2 Changes in Electrolytes and Creatinine Before and After Coronary Angiography

	Pre-Intervention	Post-Intervention	p value	Statistics Method
K^+	4.09±0.29	3.78±0.30	<0.001	Student’s t-test
Na^+	140.30±2.41	141.48±2.25	<0.001	Student’s t-test
Cl^−	104.59±2.95	104.95±2.68	0.04	Student’s t-test
Mg^2+	0.96±0.13	0.94±0.09	0.30	Student’s t-test
Cr	74.00±23.96	71.49±21.85	<0.001	Student’s t-test

Abbreviations: K⁺, potassium; Na⁺, sodium; Cl⁻, chloride; Mg²⁺, magnesium; Cr, creatinine.

Table 3 Different Group on the Incidence of Hypokalemia

Group	N	Hypokalemia	χ^2	OR (95% CI)	p value	Statistics Method
Male	208	34 (16.4%)	7.11	2.18 (1.22–3.89)	0.008	Chi-square test
Female	166	22 (13.3%)
<60y	136	24 (17.6%)	1.20	1.38 (0.78–2.46)	0.27	Chi-square test
≥60y	238	32 (13.4%)
3.5mmol/L≤K^+<4.0mmol/L	156	32 (20.5%)	6.45	2.09 (1.17–3.71)	0.01	Chi-square test
K^+≥4.0 mmol/L	218	24 (11.0%)
Simple coronary angiography	264	38 (14.4%)	0.24	0.86 (0.47–1.58)	0.60	Chi-square test
PCI	110	18 (16.4)

Abbreviations: N, number; K⁺, potassium; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.

Table 4 Different Group on the Incidence of Hypernatremia

Group	N	Hypernatremia (%)	χ^2	OR (95% CI)	p value	Statistics Method
Male	208	12 (5.8%)	6.35	3.98 (1.26–12.56)	0.01	Chi-square test
Female	166	4 (2.4%)
<60y	136	16 (11.8%)	29.25	2.99 (2.58–3.45)	<0.001	Chi-square test
≥60y	238	0 (0.0%)
135mmol/L≤Na^+<140mmol/L	160	2 (1.3%)	6.26	5.53 (1.24–24.69)	0.01	Chi-square test
Na^+≥140 mmol/L	214	14 (6.5%)
Simple coronary angiography	264	12 (4.5%)	0.16	0.79 (0.25–2.51)	0.69	Chi-square test
PCI	110	4 (3.6%)

Abbreviations: N, number; K⁺, potassium; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.

Table 5 Logistic Regression Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Hypokalemia

Varialbe		OR (95% CI)	p value	Statistics Method
HP	No	1	0.02	Logistic regression model
	Yes	2.26 (1.13–4.50)
DM	No	1	0.02	Logistic regression model
	Yes	2.11 (1.12–3.97)
Gastrointestinal diseases	No	1	<0.001	Logistic regression model
	Yes	7.16 (1.68–30.44)

Abbreviations: HP, hypertension; DM, diabetes.

Table 6 Relationship Between Hypokalemia and Gender and Number of Coronary Lesions After in PCI Group

Parameter	Hypokalemia	Non-Hypokalemia	χ^2	OR (95% CI)	p value	Statistics Method
Male	10	28	4.20	2.86 (1.02–8.00)	0.04	Chi-square test
Female	8	64
SVD	9	47	0.006	0.96 (0.31–2.96)	0.94	Chi-square test
DVD	6	30
SVD	9	47	0.004	0.96 (0.23–4.00)	0.95	Chi-square test
MVD	3	15
DVD	6	30	0.00	1.00 (0.22–4.56)	1.00	Chi-square test
MVD	3	15

Abbreviations: SVD, single vessel disease; DVD, double vessel disease; MVD, multiple vessel disease.

Table 7 Relationship Between Hypokalemia and Short-MACE and Arrhythmia

Parameter	Hypokalemia	Non-Hypokalemia	χ^2	OR (95% CI)	p value	Statistics Method
HF	6	18	2.02	2.00 (0.76–5.29)	0.16	Chi-square test
Recurrent angina	8	30	1.46	1.67 (0.72–3.86)	0.23	Chi-square test
AMI	0	0	NA	NA	NA	Chi-square test
Cardiac death	0	0	NA	NA	NA	Chi-square test
ST	8	15	7.55	3.37 (1.36–8.33)	0.006	Chi-square test
PAC	22	42	22.9	4.25 (2.27–7.94)	<0.001	Chi-square test
AT	2	6	0.65	1.92 (0.38–9.80)	0.42	Chi-square test
AF/af	2	10	0.03	1.14 (0.24–5.35)	0.87	Chi-square test
PVC	12	40	3.12	1.89 (0.92–3.89)	0.08	Chi-square test
VT	0	0	NA	NA	NA	Chi-square test
VF	0	0	NA	NA	NA	Chi-square test
LBBB	0	4	0.71	0.98 (0.98–1.00)	0.40	Chi-square test
RBBB	0	6	1.07	0.98 (0.97–1.00)	0.3	Chi-square test
AVB	1	4	1.01	1.43 (0.16–12.98)	0.75	Chi-square test

Abbreviations: HF, heart failure; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; ST, sinus tachycardia; PAC, premature atrial contraction; AT, atrial tachycardia; AF, atrial flutter; af, atrial fibrillation; PVC, premature ventricular contraction; VT, ventricular tachycardia; VF, ventricular fibrillation; LBBB, left bundle branch block; RBBB, right bundle branch block; AVB, atrioventricular block; NA, not applicable.

Data Sharing Statement

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.