Figures & data
Figure 1 Influence of estrogen on the vaginal epithelium.
Notes: Before menopause, high levels of estrogen stimulate maturation of the vaginal epithelium to generate a thick layer of mature superficial cells. After menopause, lack of estrogen leaves the epithelium much thinner, with very few or no superficial cells. In many women, this thinning is associated with vaginal dryness, irritation, itching, and pain with intercourse, a condition referred to as vaginal atrophy or atrophic vaginitis.
Figure 2 Barriers to the treatment of vaginal atrophy with local estrogen therapy.
Notes: Several major barriers may prevent women from seeking help for menopause-related vaginal discomfort. Communication and education are key factors in overcoming these barriers.
