Analysis of Related Risk Factors and Prognostic Factors of Gastric Cancer with Liver Metastasis: A SEER and External Validation Based Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Patients in Training and Validation Cohorts

Characteristics	Descriptive Analysis of SEER Data (n=6184)	Descriptive Analysis of Validation Set (n=1527)
Sex
Male	3815(61.69%)	1001(65.55%)
Female	2369(38.31%)	526(34.45%)
Age (years)
<60	1763(28.51%)	854(55.93%)
≥60	4421(71.49%)	673(44.07%)
Surgery at primary site
No	3142(50.81%)	439(28.75%)
Yes	3042(49.19%)	1088(71.25%)
Surgery at other site
No	5869(94.91%)	1477(96.73%)
Yes	315(5.09%)	50(3.27%)
Lymph node removal
No	3926(63.49%)	465(30.45%)
Yes	2258(36.51%)	1062(69.55%)
Chemotherapy
No	3161(51.12%)	209(13.69%)
Yes	3023(48.88%)	1318(86.31%)
Liver metastasis
No	5326(86.13%)	1425(93.32%)
Yes	858(13.87%)	102(6.68%)
T Stage
T1/T2	2278(36.84%)	411(26.92%)
T3/T4	2551(41.25%)	1068(69.94%)
TX	1355(21.91%)	48(3.14%)
N Stage
N0	3287(53.15%)	339(22.20%)
N1/N2/N3	2389(38.64%)	943(61.76%)
NX	508(8.21%)	245(16.04%)

Table 2 Univariate and Multivariate Analysis for Factors Associated with Liver Metastasis

Characteristics	Univariate			Multivariate
	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p
Sex			<0.001			<0.001
Male	1			1
Female	0.634	(0.542,0.742)		0.652	(0.551,0.772)
Age (years)			0.66
<60	1
≥60	1.021	(0.965,1.131)
Lymph node removal			<0.001			<0.001
No	1			1
Yes	0.113	(0.087,0.147)		0.116	(0.088,0.154)
Chemotherapy			<0.001			0.001
No	1			1
Yes	1.382	(1.195,1.598)		1.335	(1.129,1.578)
T Stage			<0.001			<0.001
T1/T2	1			1
T3/T4	1.164	(0.957,1.416)		1.036	(0.834,1.286)
TX	4.609	(3.824,5.555)		2.569	(2.097,3.145)
N Stage			<0.001			<0.001
N0	1			1
N1/N2/N3	2.028	(1.728,3.395)		2.837	(2.355,3.416)
NX	4.429	(3.544,5.535)		2.182	(1.720,2.769)

Figure 1 Nomogram for predicting liver metastasis in gastric cancer.

Figure 2 Evaluation of calibration plots using logistic nomogram model. Training data (a), validation data (b).

Table 3 Univariate and Multivariate Analysis for Factors Associated with OS

Characteristics	Univariate			Multivariate
	HR	95% CI	p	HR	95% CI	p
Sex			0.092
Male	1
Female	0.878	(0.755,1.022)
Age (years)			0.004
<60	1
≥60	1.254	(1.076,1.462)
Surgery at primary site			<0.001			<0.001
No	1			1
Yes	0.434	(0.336,0.560)		0.423	(0.325,0.551)
Surgery at other site			<0.001			0.004
No	1			1
Yes	0.476	(0.324,0.700)		0.558	(0.374,0.832)
Lymph node removal			<0.001
No	1
Yes	0.548	(0.416,0.721)
Chemotherapy			<0.001			<0.001
No	1			1
Yes	0.392	(0.340,0.453)		0.362	(0.313,0.420)
T Stage			0.001
T1/T2	1
T3/T4	0.847	(0.698,1.027)
TX	1.156	(0.972,1.375)
N Stage			<0.001			0.02
N0	1			1
N1/N2/N3	1.118	(0.958,1.305)		1.053	(0.902,1.231)
NX	1.658	(1.359,2.203)		1.319	(1.080,1.611)

Figure 3 Nomogram for predicting overall survival of gastric cancer liver metastasis.

Figure 4 Evaluation of calibration plots using OS nomogram model. (a–c) 2, 3, 5 years in training data, (d–f) 2,3,5 years in validation data.