Predicting Endothelium-Dependent Diastolic Function (FMD) and Its Correlation with the Degree of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and Plaque Vulnerability for Cardiovascular Events

Figures & data

Table 1 A Summary Shows the Comparison of General Information of the Two Groups

	High-FMD Group (n = 58)	Low-FMD Group (n = 42)	χ^2/t-value	P-value
Sex (M/F)	41/17	34/8	1.368*	0.242
Age (Years)	60.48±10.16	61.29±8.17	0.426	0.671
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.61±3.52	25.85±3.33	0.344	0.732
History of smoking [cases (%)]	26 (44.83)	22 (52.38)	0.557*	0.456
Hypertension [cases (%)]	37 (63.79)	25 (59.52)	0.188*	0.664
Diabetes mellitus [cases (%)]	20 (34.48)	10 (23.81)	1.321*	0.250
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	3.85±1.13	3.60±0.86	1.203	0.232
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.66±0.77	1.54±0.84	0.740	0.461
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (mmol/L)	2.23±0.92	2.09±0.70	0.827	0.410
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) (mmol/L)	1.05±0.38	1.06±0.37	0.131	0.896
Glycosylated hemoglobin (%)	6.25±1.16	6.32±1.04	0.311	0.757
Creatinine (μmol /L)	72.07±19.60	71.37±16.27	0.189	0.851
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%)	63.67±7.06	61.41±8.48	1.451	0.150
Basic medication [cases (%)]			0.006*	0.936
Clopidogrel	41 (70.69)	30 (71.43)
Tegretol	17 (29.31)	12 (28.57)

Note: *Refers to a value of 2.

Table 2 A Summary Indicates the Comparison of Coronary Artery Lesions

	High-FMD Group (n = 58)	Low-FMD Group (n = 42)	χ^2/t-value	P-value
Number of branches involved [cases (%)]			0.345*	0.842
Single stick	22 (37.94)	18 (42.86)
Bipartite	18 (31.03)	13 (30.95)
Three-branch	18 (31.03)	11 (26.19)
Type of lesion [cases (%)]			/	0.170
Fiber-based	37 (63.79)	25 (59.52)
Calcified	15 (25.86)	16 (38.10)
Hybrid	6 (10.34)	1 (2.38)
LM involvement [example (%)]			0.420*	0.517
Be	8 (13.79)	4 (9.52)
Not	50 (86.21)	38 (90.48)
CTO [Example (%)]			/	1.00
Be	2 (3.45)	2 (4.76)
Not	56 (96.55)	40 (95.24)
Degree of lesion stenosis	0.73±0.12	0.85±0.10	5.285	<0.001

Notes: *Refers to a 2-value; / Refers to Fisher’s exact probability method.

Table 3 A Summary Shows the Comparison of OTC Findings Between the Two Groups

	High-FMD Group (n = 58)	Low-FMD Group (n = 42)	χ^2/t-value	P-value
Fiber cap thickness (µm)	67.41±15.02	41.43±12.58	9.126	<0.001
Lipid pool angle (°)	91.86±18.74	95.22±16.11	0.938	0.351
TCFA [Example (%)]	25 (43.10)	27 (64.29)	4.379*	0.036

Note: *Refers to a value of 2.

Table 4 The Data Shows the Relationship Between FMD and the Degree of Stenosis and Plaque Vulnerability in Coronary Artery Lesions

Variable	FDM values
	r value	P-value
Degree of stenosis of coronary lesions	−0.314	0.001
Fiber cap thickness	0.198	0.049
TCFA	−0.539	0.016

Table 5 A Summary Shows the Comparison of FMD in Different Prognostic Groups

	Cardiovascular Events Group (n=22)	No Cardiovascular Events Group (n=78)	t-value	P-value
FDM	4.26±1.54	6.55±1.69	5.593	<0.001

Figure 1 The Kaplan-Meier curves analyze the difference between the events in the groups with high- and low-FMD.

Figure 2 The image shows the ROC curve of FMD for predicting cardiovascular events after PCI.