Association Between ALDH2 Polymorphisms and the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Hypertensive Patients

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of the DM and the Control Groups

	Total (n=2420)	DM group (n=788)	Controls group (n=1632)	P values
Age, y	67.80±11.70	67.72±10.73	67.83±12.08	0.814
Gender
Male, n(%)	1610 (66.5)	522 (66.2)	1088 (66.7)	0.836
Female, n(%)	810 (33.5)	266 (33.8)	544 (33.3)
Smokers, n(%)	641 (26.5)	206 (8.5)	435 (18.0)	0.789
Alcoholism, n(%)	123 (5.1)	39 (1.6)	84 (3.5)	0.836
HCY,	17.26±8.14	17.30±7.60	17.24±8.39	0.852
TG, mmol/L	1.83±1.63	2.20±2.05	1.66±1.35	<0.001
TC, mmol/L	4.95±1.32	5.00±1.42	4.92±1.26	0.182
HDL, mmol/L	1.27±0.38	1.22±0.37	1.29±0.38	<0.001
LDL, mmol/L	2.77±0.94	2.78±1.00	2.77±0.91	0.736
Apo-A1, g/L	1.12±0.31	1.09±0.30	1.14±0.32	0.001
Apo-B, g/L	0.86±0.28	0.89±0.30	0.85±0.26	0.010

Notes: Values for age expressed as mean±SD.

Abbreviations: HCY, homocysteine; TG, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; Apo-A1, apolipoprotein A1; Apo-B, apolipoprotein B.

Table 2 The Prevalence of ALDH2 Glu504Lys (rs671) Variants in DM Patients Group and Controls Group

	Total (n, %)	DM Patients group (n, %)	Controls Group (n, %)	P value	OR	95% CI
Genotypes
G/G	1218 (50.3)	372 (47.2)	846 (51.8)	0.033	0.831	0.701–0.985
G/A	1011 (41.8)	351 (44.5)	660 (40.4)	0.055	1.183	0.996–1.405
A/A	191 (7.9)	65 (8.2)	126 (7.7)	0.652	1.075	0.786–1.468
G/G + G/A	2229 (92.1)	723 (91.8)	1506 (92.3)	0.652	0.931	0.681–1.272
G/A + A/A	1202 (50.0)	416 (52.8)	786 (48.2)	0.033	1.204	1.015–1.427
Allele
G	3447 (71.2)	1095 (69.5)	2352 (72.1)	0.063	0.883	0.774–1.007
A	1393 (28.8)	481 (30.5)	912 (27.9)
HWE (χ^2, P)	χ^2=0.880, P=0.348	χ^2=1.992, P=0.158	χ^2=0.030, P=0.862

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; HWE, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Table 3 Clinical characteristics of DM patients stratified by ALDH2 variants.

Table 3 Clinical Characteristics of DM Patients Stratified by ALDH2 Variants

Clinical characteristics	G/G (n=372)	G/A (n=351)	A/A (n=65)	P values	G allele (G/G + G/A) (n=723)	A allele (G/A + A/A) (n=416)	P values
Age, y	66.99±10.86	68.34±10.41	68.48±11.56	0.201	67.65±10.66	68.37±10.58	0.274
Gender
Male, n(%)	280 (35.5)	204 (25.9)	38 (4.8)	<0.001	484 (42.5)	242 (21.1)	0.003
Female, n(%)	92 (11.7)	147 (18.7)	27 (3.4)		239 (21.0)	174 (15.3)
Smokers, n(%)	112 (14.2)	84 (10.7)	10 (1.3)	0.020	196 (17.2)	94 (8.3)	0.092
Alcohol, n(%)	26 (3.3)	11 (1.4)	2(0.3)	0.044	37 (3.2)	13 (1.1)	0.114
HCY, μmol/L	17.58±7.02	16.88±7.29	18.04±11.51	0.332	17.24±7.15	17.06±8.09	0.698
TG, mmol/L	2.21±2.26	2.16±1.81	2.33±2.01	0.827	2.19±2.05	2.19±1.84	1.000
TC, mmol/L	5.05±1.45	4.91±1.36	5.24±1.54	0.150	4.98±1.41	4.96±1.40	0.808
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.22±0.36	1.23±0.39	1.17±0.31	0.451	1.23±0.37	1.22±0.38	0.885
LDL-C, mmol/L	2.84±1.02	2.68±0.95	2.99±1.10	0.017	2.76±0.99	2.72±0.98	0.555
Apo-A1, g/L	1.10±0.31	1.09±0.28	1.06±0.30	0.604	1.09±0.30	1.08±0.28	0.652
Apo-B, g/L	0.90±0.30	0.86±0.29	0.98±0.30	0.006	0.88±0.30	0.87±0.30	0.909

Table 4 Logistic Regression Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with DM

Variables	Genotypes	Unadjusted Values		Adjusted Values
		OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P value
Gender (Male/Female)		0.981 (0.820–1.175)	0.836	1.009 (0.827–1.231)	0.932
Age (≥60/<60)		1.030 (0.844–1.259)	0.769	1.015 (0.830–1.242)	0.885
Smokers (Yes/No)		0.974 (0.803–1.181)	0.789	0.981 (0.788–1.222)	0.867
Alcoholism (Yes/No)		0.960 (0.650–1.417)	0.836	1.005 (0.669–1.509)	0.982
Genetic model of ALDH2 gene
Co-dominant
	G/G	1.000 (reference)
	G/A	1.209 (1.012–1.445)	0.036	1.209 (1.010–1.446)	0.038
	A/A	1.173 (0.849–1.621)	0.333	1.172 (0.847–1.620)	0.338
Dominant
	G/G	1.000 (reference)
	G/A + A/A	1.204 (1.015–1.427)	0.033	1.203 (1.013–1.428)	0.035
Recessive
	G/G + G/A	1.000 (reference)
	A/A	1.075 (0.786–1.468)	0.652	1.072 (0.784–1.466)	0.662

Notes: P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Data Sharing Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.