Assessment of the Risk of Malnutrition or Frailty Among Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation: A Hospital-Based Prospective Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow chat of the assessment of nutritional and frailty risk. The nutritional and frailty risk assessments and laboratory tests were performed one day. Nutritional risk assessments were performed at one and two weeks, and frailty risk assessments were performed at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days post operation.

Table 1 Baseline Characteristic

Factors	Men	Women	Total
Age, mean (SD), years	47.23 (8.48)	51.00 (16.40)	47.66 (9.49)
Age group, n (%):
<40 years	8 (18.2)	2 (4.5)	10 (22.7)
40 years~	29 (65.9)	1 (2.3)	30 (68.2)
≥60 years	2 (4.5)	2 (4.5)	4 (9.1)
Education, n (%):
Primary school	3 (6.8)	0	3 (6.8)
Middle school	9 (20.5)	2 (4.5)	11 (25.0)
High school	11 (25.0)	2 (4.5)	13 (29.5)
University	16 (36.4)	1 (2.3)	17 (38.6)
Medical Insurance Type, n (%):
Employees	21 (47.7)	3 (6.8)	24 (54.5)
Residents	17 (38.6)	0	17 (38.6)
Commercial insurance	1 (2.3)	1 (2.3)	2 (4.5)
Self-pay	0	1 (2.3)	1 (2.3)
Marital Status, n (%):
Unmarried	6 (13.6)	0	6 (13.6)
Married	33 (75.0)	5 (11.4)	38 (86.4)
Complications, cases (%):
Hepatitis B	30 (68.2)	3 (6.8)	33 (75.0)
Hypertension	2 (4.5)	1 (2.3)	3 (6.8)
Diabetes	4 (9.1)	1 (2.3)	5 (11.4)
Tumour	3 (6.8)	0	3 (6.8)
Pulmonary infection	6 (13.6)	2 (4.5)	8 (18.2)
Biliary complications	1 (2.3)	2 (4.5)	3 (6.8)
Bleeding	2 (4.5)	0	2 (4.5)
Rejection Reaction	6 (13.6)	1 (2.3)	7 (15.9)
Deep vein thrombosis	9 (20.5)	1 (2.3)	10 (22.7)
Wound infection	0	1 (2.3)	1 (2.3)
Poor healing	6 (13.6)	1 (2.3)	7 (15.9)
BMI, means (SD), kg/m^2	23.93 (6.11)	17.32 (1.86)	23.25 (6.14)
BMI groups, n (%):
Low weight	3 (7.7)	3 (7.7)	6 (15.4)
Normal weight	14 (35.9)	1 (2.6)	15 (38.5)
Over weight	11 (28.2)	0	11 (28.2)
Obesity	7 (17.9)	0	7 (17.9)

Figure 2 Frequency of frailty risk at different time-points. The proportion of patients with frailty risk preoperatively and 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days postoperatively were 33.3%, 97.6%, 97.6%, 92.9%, 60.5%, 52.5% and 41.2% respectively. There were significant statistical differences between the frequencies of frailty risk at different time-points (P<0.001; Figure 2).

Table 2 Multivariate Analysis of the Nutritional Risk Factor

Risk Factors	RR (95% CI)	P
Nutrition:
At 1 week postoperative:
Age	1.018 (0.896, 0.157)	0.779
Preoperative Alb level	0.712 (0.494, 1.026)	0.069
Preoperative TBA level	0.992 (0.984, 0.999)	0.050
At 2 weeks postoperative:
Preoperative nutritional risk	8.400 (1.500, 47.041)	0.015
Frailty:
9 days postoperative:
WBC level preoperative	1.203 (0.982, 1.473)	0.074
12 days postoperative:
WBC level preoperative	1.249 (1.008, 1.547)	0.042

Data Sharing Statement

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.