Factors Influencing Delayed Onset of Lactogenesis: A Scoping Review

Figures & data

Figure 1 PRISMA diagram.

Note: *Delayed onset of Lactogenesis II.

Table 1 Characteristics of Studies

No.	First Author (Year)	Study Site	Study Design	Participants	Sample Size	DOLII Occurrence
1	Jiang et al (2022)^Citation41	Henan Province	Cross-sectional study	Hospitalized parturients	2064	22.09%
2	Ding et al (2022)^Citation39	Henan Province	Prospective cohort study	Singleton cesarean section parturients	330	31.5%
3	Ding et al (2022)^Citation10	Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region	Prospective cohort study	Direct rooming-in singleton elective cesarean section parturients with advanced maternal age	277	38.3%
4	Dong et al (2022)^Citation30	Shandong Province	Prospective cohort study	Vaginal delivery parturients	622	38.75%
5	Lu et al (2022)^Citation25	Shanghai	Prospective cohort study	Parturients with mother-to-child separation	154	36.36%
6	Li et al (2022)^Citation27	Shandong Province	Prospective cohort study	Parturients with mother-to-child separation (preterm baby)	300	35.67%
7	Zhao et al (2022)^Citation38	Anhui Province	Prospective cohort study	Singleton parturients	247	27.9%
8	Wei et al (2022)^Citation26	Beijing	Prospective cohort study	Singleton parturients	2109	34.2%
9	Quan et al (2022)^Citation33	Henan Province	Prospective cohort study	Hospitalized parturients	1185	22.62%
10	Zhang et al (2022)^Citation42	Jiangsu Province	Prospective cohort study	Direct rooming-in singleton full-term parturients	334	19.2%
11	Zhang et al (2022)^Citation48	Jiangsu Province	Prospective cohort study	Direct rooming-in parturients with hypothyroidism	150	45.3%
12	Lian et al (2022)^Citation14	Henan Province	Prospective cohort study	Singleton cesarean section parturients	468	33.3%
13	Mullen et al (2022)^Citation15	Canada	Prospective cohort study	Direct rooming-in parturients without pre-existing diabetes	177	55.4%
14	Ren et al (2022)^Citation21	Jiangsu Province	Prospective cohort study	Direct rooming-in full-term overweight/obese primiparous parturients (20–35 years old)	30	26.7%
15	Huang et al (2021)^Citation24	Shanghai	Prospective cohort study	Direct rooming-in singleton full-term parturients	1188	26.26%
16	Wang et al (2021)^Citation32	Jiangsu Province	Prospective cohort study	Singleton cesarean section parturients	150	33.3%
17	Xie et al (2021)^Citation49	Zhejiang Province	Prospective cohort study	High-risk pregnant women separated from baby in Maternal Intensive Care Unit (MICU)	229	42.35%
18	Zhang et al (2021)^Citation50	Shanghai	Prospective cohort study	Direct rooming-in singleton full-term parturients	10,751	21.31%
19	Ding et al (2020)^Citation51	Anhui Province	Prospective cohort study	Direct rooming-in full-term parturients	340	31.5%
20	Luo et al (2020)^Citation31	Guangdong Province	Prospective cohort study	Direct rooming-in singleton parturients with gestational diabetes	388	25.2%
21	Wang et al (2020)^Citation52	Shanghai	Prospective cohort study	Singleton parturients	240	28.33%
22	Rocha et al (2020)^Citation20	Brazil	Prospective cohort study	Direct rooming-in singleton full-term primiparous parturients	224	18.8%
23	Lin et al (2019)^Citation53	Guangdong Province	Cross-sectional study	Direct rooming-in singleton full-term parturients with advanced maternal age	120	42.5%
24	Casey et al (2019)^Citation35	America	Prospective cohort study	Singleton primiparous parturients	44	31%
25	Huang et al (2019)^Citation13	Hubei Province	Prospective cohort study	Direct rooming-in singleton full-term parturients	3282	18.4%
26	Yu et al (2019)^Citation37	Shandong Province	Prospective cohort study	Parturients with mother-to-child separation (preterm baby	100	36%
27	Teng et al (2018)^Citation54	Zhejiang Province	Prospective cohort study	Direct rooming-in parturients with advanced maternal age	286	39.16%
28	Liao et al (2018)^Citation55	Sichuan Province	Prospective cohort study	Parturients with gestational diabetes (gestational age ≥ 35 weeks)	394	34.3%
29	Luan et al (2018)^Citation36	Shandong Province	Prospective cohort study	Parturients with mother-to-child separation (preterm baby)	100	36%
30	Huang et al (2017)^Citation28	Hubei Province	Prospective cohort study	Direct rooming-in parturients who received prenatal care and delivery services at a maternity and child health care hospital	3636	18.7%
31	Si et al (2017)^Citation56	Jiangsu Province	Prospective cohort study	Singleton gestational diabetes parturients	284	33.8%
32	Haile et al (2017)^Citation17	America	Prospective cohort study	Singleton parturients with late preterm birth admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) for up to 3 days without influencing breastfeeding	2053	23.7%
33	Preusting et al (2017)^Citation19	America	Prospective cohort study	Direct rooming-in singleton full-term parturients	216	57.9%
34	Tao et al (2017)^Citation22	Anhui Province	Prospective cohort study	Direct rooming-in singleton full-term parturients	3196	8.7%
35	Su et al (2016)^Citation57	Guangdong Province	Prospective cohort study	Singleton parturients	100	28%
36	Huang et al (2015)^Citation29	Hubei Province	Prospective cohort study	Direct rooming-in parturients who received prenatal care and delivery services at a maternity and child health care hospital	794	30.7%
37	Xue et al (2015)^Citation58	Guangdong Province	Prospective cohort study	Singleton parturients	204	28.4%
38	LIND et al (2014)^Citation34	America	Prospective cohort study	Singleton parturients with late preterm birth admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) for up to 3 days without influencing breastfeeding	2366	23.4%
39	Matias et al (2014)^Citation18	America	Prospective cohort study	Direct rooming-in singleton parturients with gestational diabetes	883	33.3%
40	Zhu et al (2013)^Citation23	Anhui Province	Prospective cohort study	Singleton primiparous parturients (without pregnancy complications)	2017	9.8%
41	Nommsen-Rivers et al (2010)^Citation40	America	Prospective cohort study	Direct rooming-in singleton full-term primiparous parturients	431	44%
42	Zhu et al (2010)^Citation59	Anhui Province	Prospective cohort study	Primiparous parturients (20–35 years old)	2017	9.5%
43	Scott et al (2007)^Citation60	Australia	Prospective cohort study	Hospitalized parturients	453	11.7%
44	Hilson et al (2004)^Citation61	America	Prospective cohort study	Direct rooming-in singleton full-term parturients	114	24.56%
45	Dewey et al (2003)^Citation16	America	Prospective cohort study	Direct rooming-in singleton full-term parturients	280	22.14%
46	Grajeda et al (2002)^Citation62	Guatemala	Prospective cohort study	Direct rooming-in full-term parturients	136	27%

Table 2 DOLII* Study Status

		Total Sample Size	Number of Published Papers	Publication Year	DOLII Occurrence
Three major aspects
	Direct rooming-in only	27,233	22	2002–2022	8.70%–57.90%
	Mother-to-child separation only	883	5	2018–2022	35.67%–42.40%
	Direct rooming-in + mother-to-child separation	16,725	19	2007–2022	9.50%–38.75%
Eight categories of research participants
	Uncomplicated parturients	36,119	27	2002–2022	8.70%–57.90%
	Primiparous parturients	4763	6	2010–2022	9.50%–44.00%
	Gestational diabetes parturients	1949	4	2014–2020	25.20%–34.30%
	Advanced maternal age parturients	683	3	2018–2022	38.30%-–42.50%
	Cesarean section parturients	1225	4	2021–2022	31.50%–38.30%
	High-risk pregnancy women in the intensive care unit (ICU)	229	1	2021	42.40%
	Vaginal delivery parturients	622	1	2022	38.75%
	Gestational hypothyroidism parturients	150	1	2022	45.30%

Note: A literature (Ding et al 2022)¹⁰ reported the delay in lactogenesis initiation in elderly cesarean section parturients. Therefore, the total number of published papers for the eight categories of research subjects is 47. *Delayed onset of Lactogenesis II.

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