Association of Serum Uric Acid with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Retrospective Study in China

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population

	NVAF	Control	P value
n	866	646
Age (years)	69.44 ± 8.07	69.44 ± 8.81	0.992
Gender (male)	463 (53.5%)	346 (53.6%)	0.970
Hypertension	596 (68.8%)	282 (43.7%)	<0.001
Diabetes	250 (28.9%)	143 (22.1%)	0.003
CHD	678 (78.3%)	177 (27.4%)	<0.001
Ischemic stroke	346 (40.0%)	110 (17.0%)	<0.001
WBC (×10^9/L)	6.27 (2.57)	5.44 (2.06)	<0.001
NLR	2.40 (2.15)	1.97 (1.13)	<0.001
INR	1.07 (0)	0.96 (0)	<0.001
FIB (g/L)	3.36 (0.97)	3.29 (0.87)	<0.001
D-dimer (ug/mL)	0.38 (0.55)	0.28 (0.15)	<0.001
A/G	1.41 (0.33)	1.49 (0.29)	<0.001
SUA (mg/dL)	5.75 (2.50)	4.89 (1.65)	<0.001
Scr (umoI/L)	70 (24.0)	62 (19.3)	<0.001
GLU (mmol/L)	5.58 (1.61)	5.53 (1.38)	0.588
TG (mmol/L)	1.08 (0.68)	1.10 (0.68)	0.323
APOA1 (g/L)	1.15 (0.36)	1.36 (0.37)	<0.001

Abbreviations: CHD, coronary heart disease; WBC, white blood cell; NLR, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; FIB, fibrinogen; A/G, albumin to globulin ratio; SUA, serum uric acid; Scr, serum creatinine; GLU, glucose; TG, triglycerides.

Figure 1 Study flowchart.

Abbreviation: NVAF, non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

Figure 2 SUA levels in the NVAF group and the control group. (A) There were significant differences in SUA levels between the NVAF group and the control group (5.75 (2.50) vs 4.89 (1.65) mg/dL, P<0.001). (B) There were significant differences in SUA levels between the NVAF group and the control group by gender (male, 6.08 (2.40) vs 5.30 (1.73) mg/dL, P<0.001; female, 5.29 (2.45) vs 4.39 (1.68) mg/dL, P<0.001).

Figure 3 Influencing factors associated with SUA levels in NVAF patients. (A) Correlation of SUA levels with Scr (r=0.463, P<0.001). (B) Correlation of SUA levels with NT-proBNP (r=0.265, P<0.001). (C) Correlation of SUA levels with APOA1 (r=−0.179, P<0.001).

Table 2 Association of SUA with NVAF by Logistic Regression

	Total		Male		Female
	OR	P value	OR	P value	OR	P value
Model 1	1.41 (1.32–1.52)	<0.001	1.34 (1.22–1.47)	<0.001	1.61 (1.43–1.80)	<0.001
Model 2	1.40 (1.30–1.52)	<0.001	1.32 (1.19–1.47)	<0.001	1.54 (1.34–1.78)	<0.001
Model 3	1.31 (1.19–1.44)	<0.001	1.30 (1.14–1.49)	<0.001	1.36 (1.17–1.58)	<0.001
Model 4	1.31 (1.18–1.47)	<0.001	1.36 (1.18–1.57)	<0.001	1.30 (1.08–1.56)	0.007

Notes: Model 1, Original, no confounders were adjusted for. Model 2, CHD, diabetes, hypertension, and ischemic stroke were adjusted. Model 3, WBC, NLR, INR, FIB, D-dimer, A/G, Scr and APOA1 were adjusted. Model 4, all confounders were adjusted for.

Table 3 Correlation of SUA Levels with Subtypes of NVAF

	n	SUA (mg/dL)	P value
New-onset NVAF*	52	5.27 (1.88)	P<0.001
Paroxysmal NVAF**	402	5.34 (2.16)
Persistent NVAF	412	6.42 (2.65)

Notes: *, vs persistent NVAF, adjusted P <0.001; **, vs persistent NVAF, adjusted P <0.001.

Figure 4 The ROC curve analysis of SUA and NVAF. The purple curve was for male NVAF patients, the area under the ROC curve was 0.63 (95% CI 0.60–0.67, P < 0.001), and the optimal cut-off point was 6.37 mg/dL. The Orange curve was for female NVAF patients, the area under the ROC curve was 0.68 (95% CI 0.64–0.72, P < 0.001), and the optimal cut-off point was 5.72 mg/dL.

Data Sharing Statement

The datasets used and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.