Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 rs671 a/A Genotype is Associated with an Increased Risk of Early Onset Coronary Artery Stenosis

Figures & data

Figure 1 The flowchart of this study.

Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of the Subjects of This Study

Variables	Total (n=565)	Controls (n=352)	CAS Patients (n=213)	p values
Gender
Male, n(%)	360(63.7%)	224(63.6%)	136(63.8%)	1.000
Female, n(%)	205(36.3%)	128(36.4%)	77(36.2%)
BMI (kg/m^2)
<18.5	117(20.7%)	107(30.4%)	10(4.7%)	<0.001
18.5–23.9	278(49.2%)	192(54.5%)	86(40.4%)
≥24.0	170(30.1%)	53(15.1%)	117(54.9%)
History of smoking, n(%)	120(21.2%)	61(17.3%)	59(27.7%)	0.004
History of alcoholism, n(%)	47(8.3%)	35(9.9%)	12(5.6%)	0.084
Diabetes mellitus, n(%)	137(24.2%)	58(16.5%)	79(37.1%)	<0.001
Serum lipid-lipoprotein levels
TC, mmol/L	4.38±1.21	4.08±1.04	4.87±1.31	<0.001
TG, mmol/L	1.68±1.41	1.38±1.13	2.16±1.66	<0.001
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.10±0.38	1.07±0.40	1.16±0.33	0.006
LDL-C, mmol/L	2.47±0.86	2.33±0.76	2.70±0.95	<0.001
Apo-A1, g/L	0.98±0.30	0.93±0.29	1.08±0.28	<0.001
Apo-B, g/L	0.81±0.26	0.76±0.24	0.89±0.28	<0.001

Abbreviations: CAS, coronary artery stenosis; BMI, body mass index; Values for age expressed as mean±SD. TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; Apo-A1, apolipoprotein A1; Apo-B, apolipoprotein B.

Table 2 Distribution Frequencies of ALDH2 rs671 Genotype and Allele in Patients and Controls

Variable	Genotype/Allele	Total (n=565)	Controls (n=352)	CAS Patients (n=213)	χ^2	p values
ALDH2 rs671 genotypes
	G/G	288(51.0%)	195(55.4%)	93(43.7%)	7.313	0.007
	G/A	238(42.1%)	138(39.2%)	100(46.9%)	3.264	0.079
	A/A	39(6.9%)	19(5.4%)	20(9.4%)	3.291	0.086
ALDH2 rs671 alleles
	G	814(72.0%)	528(75.0%)	286(67.1%)	8.147	0.005
	A	316(28.0%)	176(25.0%)	140(32.9%)
	HWE (χ^2, P)	χ^2=1.172, p=0.279	χ^2=0.727, p=0.394	χ^2=0.871, p=0.351

Abbreviations: ALDH2, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2; CAS, Coronary artery stenosis; HWE, Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium.

Table 3 Clinical Characteristics and Serum Lipid-Lipoprotein Levels of Subjects Stratified by ALDH2 rs671 Genotypes

Variables	G/G (n=288)	G/A (n=238)	A/A (n=39)	p values
Gender
Male, n(%)	183(63.5%)	152(63.9%)	25(64.1%)	1.000
Female, n(%)	105(36.5%)	86(36.1%)	14(35.9%)
BMI (kg/m^2)
<18.5	65(22.6%)	44(18.5%)	8(20.5%)	0.810
18.5–23.9	141(49.0%)	118(49.6%)	19(48.7%)
≥24.0	82(28.5%)	76(31.9%)	12(30.8%)
History of smoking, n(%)	61(21.2%)	50(21.0%)	9(23.1%)	0.973
History of alcoholism, n(%)	36(12.5%)	11(4.6%)	0(0)	0.001
Diabetes mellitus, n(%)	70(24.3%)	59(24.8%)	8(20.5%)	0.883
Serum lipid-lipoprotein levels
TC, mmol/L	4.37±1.25	4.39±1.14	4.31±1.36	0.932
TG, mmol/L	1.72±1.38	1.65±1.52	1.48±0.67	0.550
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.10±0.38	1.12±0.38	1.06±0.33	0.616
LDL-C, mmol/L	2.46±0.90	2.49±0.79	2.47±0.93	0.932
Apo-A1, g/L	0.99±0.31	0.97±0.28	0.96±0.28	0.706
Apo-B, g/L	0.81±0.26	0.81±0.26	0.79±0.29	0.832

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; Values for age expressed as mean±SD. TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; Apo-A1, apolipoprotein A1; Apo-B, apolipoprotein B.

Table 4 Logistic Regression Analysis of Risk Factors for CAS

Variables	Univariate OR (95% CI)	p values	Multivariate OR (95% CI)	p values
Gender (Male/Female)	1.009(0.708–1.438)	0.959	0.701(0.448–1.096)	0.119
BMI (kg/m^2)
18.5–23.9	1.000(reference)	–	1.000(reference)	–
<18.5	0.209(0.104–0.419)	<0.001	0.241(0.118–0.491)	<0.001
≥24.0	4.928(3.263–7.443)	<0.001	5.047(3.275–7.777)	<0.001
History of smoking (Yes/No)	1.828(1.216–2.748)	0.004	2.813(1.595–4.961)	<0.001
History of alcoholism (Yes/No)	0.541(0.274–1.066)	0.076	0.472(0.195–1.145)	0.097
Diabetes mellitus (Yes/No)	2.988(2.012–4.439)	<0.001	2.191(1.397–3.437)	0.001
ALDH2 rs671 genotypes
G/G	1.000(reference)	–	1.000(reference)	–
G/A	1.519(1.064–2.171)	0.022	1.468(0.968–2.226)	0.071
A/A	2.207(1.124–4.334)	0.021	2.508(1.130–5.569)	0.024

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ALDH2, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Data Sharing Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.