The relationship between vitamin D status and idiopathic lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis

Figures & data

Figure 1 Study flow diagram.

Abbreviations: DVT, deep vein thrombosis; VTE, venous thromboembolism.

Figure 2 Comparison of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels between the deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and control groups.

Table 1 Characteristics and vitamin D status of participants with idiopathic DVT compared to healthy controls

Characteristic	Total (n=167)	DVT group (n=82)	Control group (n=85)	P-value
Mean age, years	47.1±12.3	47.7±13.7	46.4±10.9	0.491
BMI, kg/m^2	27.9±4.5	28.4±4.5	27.4±4.4	0.178
Female, n (%)	86 (51.5)	37 (45.1)	49 (57.6)	0.105
Obesity, n (%)	53 (31.7)	30 (36.3)	23 (27.1)	0.186
DM, n (%)	18 (10.8)	10 (12.2)	8 (9.4)	0.562
HTN, n (%)	31 (18.6)	14 (17.1)	17 (20)	0.627
DLP, n (%)	29 (17.4)	15 (18.3)	14 (16.5)	0.756
Smoking, n (%)	21 (12.6)	11 (13.4)	10 (11.8)	0.748
25(OH)D level, ng/mL				0.027
Sufficient	35 (21)	11 (13.4)	24 (28.2)
Insufficient	34 (20.4)	15 (18.3)	19 (22.4)
Deficient	98 (58.7)	56 (68.3)	42 (49.4)

Note: Data are presented as either number (percentage) or mean (± standard deviation).

Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; BMI, body mass index; DLP, dyslipidemia; DM, diabetes mellitus; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; HTN, hypertension.

Figure 3 Comparison of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels between the subgroups by characteristics among deep vein thrombosis (DVT) participants.

Abbreviations: DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; DLP, dyslipidemia.

Table 2 Characteristics and vitamin D status of participants in the DVT subgroups based on 25(OH)D status

Characteristic	Sufficient (n=11)	Insufficient (n=15)	Deficient (n=56)	P-value
Mean age, years	51.9±13.7	50.9±13.4	46±13.7	0.260
BMI, kg/m^2	29.9±5	29.5±4.7	27.8±4.4	0.227
Female, n (%)	3 (27.3)	5 (33.3)	29 (51.8)	0.196
Obesity, n (%)	5 (45.5)	7 (46.7)	18 (32.1)	0.471
DM, n (%)	2 (18.2)	2 (13.3)	6 (10.7)	0.778
HTN, n (%)	2 (18.2)	3 (20)	9 (16.1)	0.932
DLP, n (%)	1 (9.1)	3 (20)	11 (19.6)	0.697
Smoking, n (%)	2 (18.2)	3 (20)	6 (10.7)	0.569
25(OH)D, ng/mL	37.6±5.6	25.2±2.5	12±4.6	<0.001

Note: Data are presented as either number (percentage) or mean (± standard deviation).

Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; BMI, body mass index; DLP, dyslipidemia; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension.

Table 3 Logistic regression analysis for detecting the independent predictors of DVT

	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Age	0.98 (0.95–1.00)	0.106
Sex	0.51 (0.26–1.00)	0.049
Obesity	0.54 (0.26–1.09)	0.085
DM	0.78 (0.28–2.19)	0.637
HTN	1.40 (0.58–3.38)	0.456
DLP	0.85 (0.36–2.02)	0.725
Smoking	1.10 (0.40–3.02)	0.854
25(OH)D	1.05 (1.02–1.08)	0.001

Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CI, confidence interval; DLP, dyslipidemia; DM, diabetes mellitus; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; HTN, hypertension; OR, odds ratio.