Association between sarcopenia and quality of life in quilombola elderly in Brazil

Figures & data

Table 1 Association and odds ratios for sarcopenia according to EWGSOP and Baumgartner criteria and sociodemographic and clinical features of quilombola elderly (N=70)

EWGSOP					Baumgartner
	Sarcopenia, n (%)	No sarcopenia, n (%)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	Sarcopenia, n (%)	No sarcopenia, n (%)	P-value	OR (95% CI)
Sociodemographic variables
Sex			0.228a				0.051a
Male	5 (16.1)	26 (83.9)		3.558 (0.614–9.765)	8 (25.8)	23 (74.2%)		4.174 (1.003–17.378)
Female	2 (5.1)	37 (94.9)		1	3 (7.7)	36 (92.3%)		1
Age (years)b			0.692a				0.932
≤64	3 (7.7)	36 (92.3)		0.563 (0.116–2.725)	6 (15.4)	33 (84.6)		0.945 (0.259–3.446)
≥65	4 (12.9)	27 (87.1)		1	5 (16.1)	26 (83.9)		1.000
Education (years)			0.694a				0.506
Illiterate	5 (11.9)	37 (88.1)		1.757 (0.316–9.760)	8 (19.0)	34 (81.0)		1.961 (0.472–8.143)
Literate	2 (7.1)	26 (92.9)		1	3 (10.7)	25 (89.3)		1.000
Cognitive function and physical activity level
MMSEb			0.438a				0.768
≤19	4 (13.8)	25 (86.2)		2.027 (0.418–9.837)	5 (17.2)	24 (82.8)		1.215 (0.333–4.439)
≥20	3 (7.3)	38 (92.7)		1	6 (14.6)	35 (85.4)		1
IPAQ score			0.041a				0.029a
Infrequently active + sedentary	3 (33.3)	6 (66.7)		7.125 (1.280–9.675)	4 (44.4)	5 (55.6)		6.171 (1.333–28.572)
Very active + active	4 (6.6)	57 (93.4)		1	7 (11.5)	54 (88.5)		1
Sample characteristics, multivariate adjustments, and odds ratios
Anthropometric measures and body composition
Weight (kg)b			0.428a				0.045a
≤64.5	5 (14.3)	30 (87.5)		2.750 (0.496–5.246)	9 (25.7)	26 (74.3)		5.712 (1.135–28.748)
≥64.6	2 (5.7)	33 (84.3)		1	2 (5.7)	33 (94.3)		1
Height (m)			1.000a				0.743
≤1.55	4 (11.4)	31 (88.6)		1.376 (0.285–6.658)	5 (14.3)	30 (85.7)		0.806 (0.221–2.932)
≥1.56	3 (8.6)	32 (91.4)		1	6 (17.1)	29 (82.9)		1
BMI (kg/m^2)			0.094a				0.027a
≤27	7 (14.3)	42 (85.7)		NA	11 (22.4)	38 (77.6)		NA
>27	0 (0.0)	21 (100.0)			0 (0.0)	21 (100)
WC (cm)			0.331a				0.105a
Normal	7 (12.5)	49 (87.5)		NA	11 (19.6)	45 (80.4)		NA
Increased	0 (0.0)	14 (100)			0 (0.0)	14 (100)
WHR (cm)			0.130a				0.007
Low + moderate risk	5 (16.7)	25 (83.3)		3.800 (0.683–21.131)	9 (30.0)	21 (70.0)		8.143 (1.608–41.238)
High risk	2 (5.0)	38 (95.0)		1	2 (5.0)	38 (95.0)		1
%FM			0.350a				0.004a
Normal	5 (21.7)	18 (78.3)		6.250 (1.110–35.202)	8 (34.8)	15 (65.2)		7.822 (1.84–33.365)
Increased	2 (4.3)	45 (95.7)		1	3 (6.4)	44 (93.6)		1
Relative ASMM			<0.001a			<0.001a
Normal	0 (0.0)	59 (100)		NA	0 (0.0)	59 (100)		NA
Increased	7 (100)	4 (36.4)			11 (100)	0 (0.0)
Physical performance
HGS			<0.001a				0.06a
Normal	0 (0.0)	46 (100)		NA	3 (6.5)	43 (93.5)		0.140 (0.33–0.592)
Decreased	7 (29.2)	17 (70.8)			8 (33.3)	16 (66.7)		1
GS (m/s)
Normal	7 (10.0)	63 (90.0)		NA	11 (15.7)	59 (84.3)		NA
Reduced	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)			0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)

Notes: Relative ASMM is the appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by the square of participant height.

a Results obtained using Fisher’s exact test.

b Variables separated by median values.

Abbreviations: %FM, fat mass percentage; ASMM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; EWGSOP, European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People; GS, gait speed; HGS, handgrip strength; IPAQ, International Physical Activity Questionnaire; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; OR, odds ratio; NA, not available; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio.

Table 2 Quality of life of quilombola elderly with and without sarcopenia according to EWGSOP and Baumgartner criteria (N=70)

EWGSOP				Baumgartner
Variables	Sarcopenia, mean (SD)	No sarcopenia, mean (SD)	P-value	Sarcopenia, mean (SD)	No sarcopenia, mean (SD)	P-value
PFa	72.14 (13.18)	72.61 (15.42)	0.938	65.00 (19.36)	73.98 (13.95)	0.070
PRFb	61.79 (24.69)	82.36 (18.81)	0.028*	65.46 (24.31)	83.07 (18.33)	0.015*
BPb	62.86 (25.63)	80.66 (20.16)	0.067	56.06 (23.98)	83.14 (17.90)	0.001*
GHPa	72.86 (13.09)	70.86 (16.65)	0.760	63.54 (21.73)	72.46 (14.85)	0.095
VITa	70.71 (14.56)	72.59 (14.68)	0.750	65.45 (12.23)	73.69 (13.59)	0.085
SRFb	65.36 (21.04)	74.36 (19.67)	0.220	62.46 (20.17)	75.51 (19.26)	0.037*
ERFb	70.48 (28.70)	84.44 (18.14)	0.127	61.82 (27.01)	87.01 (15.20)	0.002*
MHa	77.71 (14.94)	75.78 (18.91)	0.795	67.82 (23.57)	77.49 (17.18)	0.111

Notes:

a Parametric variable: Student’s t-test for independent samples;

b nonparametric variable: Mann–Whitney U-test.

* P=0.05.

Abbreviations: BP, bodily pain; ERF, emotional role functioning; EWGSOP, European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People; GHP, general health perceptions; MH, mental health; PF, physical functioning; PRF, physical role functioning; SRF, social role functioning; VIT, vitality.